Effect of Reduced Fertilization Considering Residual Soil Nutrients on Rice Yield and Salt Removal in Greenhouse Vegetables and Rice Cropping System

토양 잔존 양분을 고려한 시설채소 후작 벼의 감비 재배에 따른 벼 수량과 토양 염류 제거 효과

  • 전원태 (농촌진흥청 작물과학원) ;
  • 박향미 (농촌진흥청 작물과학원 영남농업연구소) ;
  • 정종배 (대구대학교) ;
  • 박기도 (농촌진흥청 작물과학원 영남농업연구소) ;
  • 박창영 (농촌진흥청 작물과학원 영남농업연구소) ;
  • 양원하 (농촌진흥청 작물과학원)
  • Received : 2005.03.18
  • Accepted : 2005.04.15
  • Published : 2005.04.30

Abstract

Nutrients are built up in paddy soils after greenhouse vegetable cultivations with relatively high rates of chemical fertilizers and composts during winter season, and the continuous nutrient accumulation is problematic in crop cultivation. Rice cultivation after greenhouse vegetables is one option for removing the accumulated nutrients in the soils. The object of this experiment was to examine the effect of reduced fertilization to rice on the removal of accumulated soil nutrients and rice yield in greenhouse vegetables and rice cropping system. Experiments were carried out at Changwon and Uiryeong in Gyeongnam province in 2001. The cropping systems were watermelon-rice and pumpkin-watermelon-watermelon-rice in Changwon and Uiryeong, respectively. The soils were Gangseo series (coarse loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Aquic Fluventic Eutrochrepts) at Changwon and Hampyeong series (fine loamy, mixed, mesic family of Fluvaquentic Dystrochrepts) at Uiryeong. Treatments of conventional fertilization ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O=11-4.5-5.7$, $kg\;10a^{-1}$), no basal fertilization, no top dressing, and no fertilization were included in the experiments. Plant growth and total nitrogen content in the plant were greater as the amount of fertilizer applied were increased. Whereas $SiO_2/T-N$ rate in rice plant and nitrogen use efficiency were greater as the amount of fertilizer applied were reduced. Rice yields were not significantly different among the treatments of conventional, no top-dressed, and no-basal fertilization in Uiryeong, and the rice yields were significantly also not different between the treatments of conventional and no top-dressed in Changwon. The removal of salts in soils after rice cultivation was the highest at the treatment of no-basal fertilization in both of the sites. Therefore, reduced fertilization for rice cultivation after greenhouse vegetables could remove salts accumulated in paddy soils without any significant reducing of rice yield.

본 시험은 시설재배 후작 벼 재배지에서 환경친화적이면 생력적인 감비재배법을 개발하고자 의령군 신촌리의 식양질 토양 (곡간지, 함평통)과 창원시 모산리의 사양질 토양 (하성평탄지, 강서통)에서 관행시비 기비생략, 추비생략, 무비구를 처리하여 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 주요 생육시기별 벼 생육은 시비량이 많을수록 두 지역에서 모두 초장이 컸으며 경수도 많은 경향이었다. 수확기 식물체 무기성분중 T-N도 두 지역에서 모두 시비량이 높을수록 높은 경향이었다. 규질비($SiO_2/N$)는 기비생략구와 추비생략구에서 높았고 시비질소 이용률도 동일한 경향이었다. 수량은 의령군 신촌리의 식양질 토양에서 관행시비구과 기비생략구, 추비생략구와 차이가 없었으며, 창원시 모산리의 사양질 토양에서는 관행시비구와 비교하여 추비생략구에서는 수량 차이가 없었으며 기비생략구에서는 감수되었다. 시험후 처리별 토양의 제염률은 식양질 토양에서 63.9-78.7%, 사양질 토양에서 74.2-82.9%로 사양질 토양에서 제염이 많이 되었다. 시비처리별로는 관행시비구에 비하여 기비 또는 추비를 생략함으로써 제염 효율이 높은 경향이었다. 따라서 시설재배 후작지에서 벼를 재배할 경우 관행질소시비량의 70% 감비함으로써 잔존 질소의 이용효율과 제염효율을 높일 수 있으며 수량은 관행질소시비와 동일하게 유지할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 관행질소시비량의 50% 수준의 완효성 비료 전량 기비처리도 시설재배 후작지에서 벼에 대한 효과적인 시비방법이 될 것으로 판단된다. 물론 시설재배지는 앞그루작물, 앞그루작물의 재배연수, 토양특성 등을 감안하여 시설 후작 벼에 대한 시비체계가 추가적으로 검토되어야 할 것이다.

Keywords

References

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