펠렛 가공처리에 따른 돈분 발효퇴비와 우분 발효퇴비의 물리화학적 특성

Physicochemical Characteristics of Fermented Pig Manure Compost and Cow Manure Compost by Pelletizing

가축분뇨를 처리하는데 있어 최선의 방법은 퇴비화처리 후에 유기성 비료자원으로서 경작지에 환원하는 것이다. 본 연구의 수행목적은 우분 발효퇴비와 돈분 발효퇴비를 펠렛화 했을 때의 물리, 화학적 특성변화를 고찰함으로써 펠렛화를 통한 가축분 발효퇴비의 이용성 개선가능성 여부를 판단하는 것이다. 가축분 발효퇴비의 펠렛가공에 가장 적합한 수분함량은 40% 내외이었다. 결착제로 사용된 점토 혼합비율이 부피비 기준으로 15% 이상일 때부터 펠렛 가공정도가 개선되는 효과가 있었다. 돈분 발효퇴비의 경우, 원료퇴비 중에 건물기준으로 2.05%, 1.89% 그리고 1.31% 이었던 N, P, K 함량이 펠렛 가공처리 후 각각 1.96% 1.73% 과 0.89%로 변화하였다. 우분발효 퇴비 중의 N, P, K 함량은 각각 2.52%, 1.01% 그리고 2.98% 수준이었다가 펠렛 가공처리 후에는 2.45%, 1.10% 그리고 2.93%로 변화하였다. 퇴비중의 Pb, Cd, As 그리고 Hg 함량의 경우 펠렛가공 전후에 차이를 거의 보이지 않았다. 펠렛 가공처리 후 자연 상태에서 건조된 펠렛의 경우, 물에 침수하였을 때 30분 이내에 완전히 해체되었으나 $70^{\circ}C$의 드라이오븐에서 24시간 동안 건조된 펠렛의 경우 완전해체되는데 960분이 소요되었다. 저장시간이 경과함에 따라 펠렛의 부피와 중량이 감소하여 30일 경과 후에는 무게는 15%정도, 부피는 17~25% 정도 감소하였다.

The best way to treat livestock manure is a recycling the manure to arable land as an organic fertilizer. In this study, fermented cow manure compost and pig manure compost were used as a raw materials for pelletizing. The changes of physicochemical properties of each composts and pellets were investigated. The aim of this research was to improve availability of livestock manure compost. In pelletizing process of fermented livestock manure compost, the optimal water content to make pellet was around 40%. When clay was mixed by volume more than 15% as a bonding agent, the condition of pelletizing process was beginning to improve. On a dry matter basis, the contents of N, P and K of fermented pig manure compost were 2.05%, 1.89% and 1.31%, respectively. After pelletizing, the contents of compost pelleted with the pig manure compost were 1.96% 1.73% and 0.89%, respectively. The same parameters of cow manure compost were 2.52%, 1.01% and 2.98%, respectively. After processing, the contents of compost pelleted with the cow manure compost were 2.45%, 1.10% and 2.93%, respectively. After pelletizing, there were little change in the content of heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, As and Hg. When pelleted compost dried naturally was submerged in water, it was completely dissolved in 30 minutes. On the other hand, Pelleted compost dried with the mechanical convection oven set $70^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours was completely dissolved in 960 minutes. The volume and weight of pelleted compost were decreased with time. After 30 days of storing, the weight of pelleted compost was decreased by 15% compared with its original weight. The volume of it was decreased by 17~25% in the same time.