DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Browning Characteristics of Ssamjang during Storage

저장기간에 따른 쌈장의 갈변 반응 특성

  • Kim, Yong-Kuk (Haechandle Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Kim, Seong-Ju (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Chang, Kyu-Seob (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University)
  • Published : 2005.04.01

Abstract

Ssamjang samples were prepared by central composite design for five independent variables, Gochujang mash aging period $(X_1)$, Doenjang aging period $(X_2)$, Doenjang content $(X_3)$, sterilization temperature $(X_4)$ and storage temperature $(X_5)$. Browning characteristics of Ssamjang were analyzed such as water activity, free amino acids, free sugars and color during storage. Water activities of Ssamjang were ranged from 0.605 to 0.666 at the beginning of storage, and were shown to be the highest at the 8th week of storage and then decreased gradually. Among free amino acids the content of glutamic acid was the highest. Proline, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine and serine were slightly higher than the others. Larger amounts of free amino acids and free sugars were observed from the sample sterilized at $60^{\circ}C$ when compared to that at $70^{\circ}C$. Glucose, fructose and maltose as free sugars were identified from Ssamjang and glucose content was the largest among. During the storage, lightness $(L^*)$, redness $(a^*)$ and yellowness $(b^*)$ of Ssamjang were decreased and total color difference $({\Delta}E)$ was increased. The color changes in the sample surface were more affected by temperature of which storage temperature was more influenced than sterilization temperature.

공장에서 생산하는 방식에 따라 쌈장을 제조한 후 쌈장의 갈변에 영향을 미치는 고추장 반제품 숙성 일수$(X_1)$, 된장 숙성 일수$(X_2)$, 된장 함량$(X_3)$, 살균온도$(X_4)$, 저장온도$(X_5)$를 주요변수로 선정하고 중심 합성계획에 따라 실험을 수행하여 쌈장의 저장과정 중의 갈변 반응 특성을 조사하였다. 수분활성도는 시험구별로 숙성 초기 $0.605\~0.666$으로 증가 또는 감소의 경향을 보였으며, 숙성 8주째에 최대의 수분활성도를 나타낸 후 서서히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이는 된장의 숙성일수$(X_2)$ 차이에 의해 원료가 분해되어 수용성 물질이 생성되기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 유리아미노산 중 glutamic acid가 다른 아미노산보다 높게 나타났으며 proline, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, serine등이 다소 높은 것으로 확인되었고, 살균온도가 낮은 시험구에서 총유리아미노산 함량이 높게 나타났다. 유리당 함량은 각 시험구별로 차이는 있지만 glucose가 가장 많이 함유되어 있었고 fructose와 maltose도 검출되었으며, 살균온도가 낮은 시험구에서 총유리당 함량이 높게 나타났으며 이는 살균온도에 따른 효소의 실활과 관련된 것으로 사료된다. 저장 과정 중 표면색도의 변화는 시험구별로 차이는 있으나 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 $L^*,\;a^*,\;b^*$값은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈고 ${\Delta}E$값은 증가하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 표면색도에 영향을 미치는 주요 인자는 온도이며 살균온도보다는 저장온도가 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Yoon SS. 1995. Food and custom in Korea. Korean J Dietry Culture 10: 203-212
  2. Seo JS, Lee TS, Shin DB. 2001. The study on the characteristics of commercial Samjangs. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 30: 382-387
  3. Lee SK, Kim ND, Kim HJ, Park JS. 2002. Development of traditional Doenjang improved in color. Korean J Food Sci Technol 34: 400-406
  4. Kim HS, Lee KY, Lee HG, Oh Han, Chang UJ. 1997. Studies on the extension of the shelf-life of Kochujang during storage. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 26: 595-600
  5. Kim JS, Choi SH, Lee SD, Lee GH, Oh MJ. 1999. Quality changes of sterilized soybean paste during its storage. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 28: 1069-1075
  6. Motyca RR, Dever RE, Bechte PJ. 1992. Response surface methodology. J Food Sci 57: 190-196 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb05453.x
  7. Kim DH, Lee JS. 2001. Effect of condiments on the physicochemical characteristics of traditional Kochujang during fermentation. Korean J Food Sci Technol 33: 353-360
  8. Vesely P, Duncombe D, Lusk L, Basarova G, Seabrooks J. Ryder D. 2004. Impact of fermentation temperature on yeast reductase activity. MBAA 41: 282-292
  9. Kim MS. 1999. Fermentation control and quality improvement of traditional Kochujang, PhD Dissertation. Chonbuk National Univ., Daejeon, Korea
  10. Kim HL, Lee TS, Noh BS, Park JS. 1998. Characteristics of Samjangs prepared with different Doenjangs as a main material. Korean J Food Sci Technol 30: 54-61
  11. Shin DH, Kim DH, Choi U, Lim MS, An EU. 1997. Physicochemical characteristics of traditional Kochujang prepared with various raw materials. Korean J Food Sci Technol 29: 907-912
  12. Jung SW, Kim YH, Koo MS, Shin DB, Chung KS, Kim YS. 1994. Changes in physicochemical properties of industry-type Kochujang during storage. Korean J Food Sci Technol 26: 403-410
  13. Park NY, Jeong YJ, Lee GD, Kwon JH. 2000. Monitoring of Maillard reaction characteristics under various roasting conditions of polygonatum odoratum root. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 29: 647-654

Cited by

  1. Quality Characteristics of Factory-Style and Handmade-Style Ssamjang vol.45, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2016.45.1.100
  2. Effect of Anti-Microbial Materials on Storages of Ssamjang vol.56, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2013.003
  3. Changes in Physicochemical, Microbiological and Sensory Quality Characteristics of Ssamjang containing Cheongkukjang during Storage     vol.25, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2015.6.25.3.484
  4. Quality Characteristics of Ssamjang Added with Cheonggukjang and Various Kinds of Jocheong during Storage vol.32, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2016.32.4.400