DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

비만 중학생의 비만도와 영양지식, 영양섭취상태 및 혈액성상과의 상관성

Relation Between Obesity Indices and, Nutritional Knowledge Nutritional Status and Blood Parameters in Obese Middle-School Students

  • 최미경 (청운대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김미현 (삼척대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이윤신 (수원여자대학 식품과학부) ;
  • 조혜경 (숙명여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김경희 (부천시 보건소) ;
  • 이보배 (부천시 보건소) ;
  • 성미경 (숙명여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 승정자 (숙명여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • 발행 : 2005.02.01

초록

본 연구에서는 청소년의 효과적인 비만관리 프로그램을 실시하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제시하기 위하여 부천시 보건소에서 개최한 청소년 캠프에 참여한 남녀 비만 중학생 총 42명 (남 28명, 여 14명)을 대상으로 신체 계측, 24시간 식사섭취조사, 혈액성상 분석 그리고 영양지식, 영양태도, 자아만족도 등에 대한 설문조사를 실시하고 비만도와 영양지식, 영양섭취상태 및 혈액성상과의 상관성을 살펴보았다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 연구대상자들의 평균 연령은 13.9세였으며, 체중, 체질량지수, 비만지수, 허리엉덩이둘레 비, 체지방률은 남학생이 각각 75.5 kg, 29.1 kg/$m^2$, 30.1, 0.89, 33.3%이었고, 여학생이 각각 67.8 kg, 27.5 kg/$m^2$, 25.3,0.81, 34.6%이었다. 영양태도 점수(40점 만점)는 남학생이 30.3점, 여학생이 30.1점으로 남녀 모두 비교적 긍정적인 영양태도를 보이고 있었으며, 자아만족도(50점 만점)는 남학생이 34.7점, 여학생이 33.8점으로 자신에 대하여 보통수준 이상의 만족도를 가지고 있었다. 영양지식 점수(16점 만점)는 남학생이 12.7점, 여학생이 12.4점으로 유사한 영양지식 수준을 보였다. 열량 섭취량은 남학생이 2137.7kcal,여학생이 2059.7kcal로 권장량의 각각 85.5%와 98.1% 섭취수준을 보였다. 단백질은 권장량 대비 남학생 110.3%, 여학생 107.3%섭취 수준이었으며, 총 열량에 대한 당질, 단백질, 지질의 섭취비율은 남학생 57:14:29, 여학생 60:13:26으로 남녀학생 모두 총 열량에 대한 지질의 섭취비율이 높았다. 인, 비타민 B$_1$, B$_{6}$, E를 제외한 칼슘, 철, 아연, 비타민 A, B$_2$, C, 나이아신, 엽산 등 대부분의 미량 영양소 섭취량은 권장량에 미치지 못하였다. 혈청 COT, GPT는 남학생이 여학생보다 각 항목에서 유의하게 높았고, 혈청 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지질, HDL-콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤은 남녀학생 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 적혈구지수의 경우 적혈구수, 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크릿, MCHC가 남학생이 여학생보다 유의하게 높았다. 체중, 체질량지수, 비만지수는 모두 수축기 혈압과 유의한 정의 상관관계를 보였고(p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.05), 체지방률은 영양지식과 유의한 부의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05). 비만도와 영양소 섭취량과의 관계에서 체중, 체질량지수, 비만지수는 콜레스테롤 섭취량과(p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.05) 각각 유의한 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 비만도와 혈액성상과의 관계에서 체중은HDL-콜레스테롤과 유의한 부의 상관관계를(p<0.05), 적혈구수, 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크릿과는 유의한 정의 상관관계를(각 p<0.05) 보였다. 체질량지수와 비만지수는 각각 HDL-콜레스테롤과는 부의 (각 P<0.05), 적혈구수와는 정의(각 p<0.05) 상관관계를 보였다. 허리엉덩이둘레비는 혈청 GPT, glucose, MCV와 각각 유의한 정의 상관관계를 보였다(각 p<0.05). 이상의 연구결과를 종합할 때 남녀 비만 중학생 모두 총 열량 섭취량 중 지질로 인한 열량 섭취비율이 높았고 비만도가 증가할수록 콜레스테롤의 섭취가 높게 나타났으며, 대상자의 체지방률이 증가할수록 영양지식 점수가 감소하는 결과를 나타내어 비만 청소년을 대상으로 한 영양교육의 중요성이 제시되었다. 또한 여러 비만도 평가지표들은 혈액성상의 변화와도 유의적인 관련성을 보였으나, 본 연구는 대상자의 수가 적고 비만 청소년만을 대상자로 하고 있는 제한점을 가지고 있으므로 향후 좀더 많은 대상자를 확보하고 정상 대조군과의 비교를 통하여 비 만에 있어 다양한 혈액성상의 변화 및 역할규명에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity indices, nutritional knowledge, nutritional intake status, and some blood parameters in obese middle-school students. Anthropometric measurement, 24-hour recall for dietary intake, blood analysis and Questionnaire response including nutritional knowledge, nutritional attitude, and self-satisfaction were conducted in 42 obese middle-school students (28 male and 14 female) participated in the nutritional camp program carried by Bucheon district public health center in Kyunggi-do. The mean age of subjects was 13.9 years. The average body weight, BMI, obesity index, WHR and percent body fat were 75.5 kg, 29.1 kg/$m^2$, 30.1, 0.89 and 33.3% in male subjects, and 67.8 kg, 27.5 kg/$m^2$, 25.3, 0.81 and 34.6% in female subjects. The average nutritional attitude, the self-satisfaction and the nutritional knowledge scores were no significant difference between male and female subjects. Average intake of energy were 85.5% of RDA in males and 98.1% of RDA in females. The percentage of energy from fat was higher in both male (29%) and female (26%) subjects than recommended level. Calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B$_2$, vitamin C, niacin and folate intakes were below the RDA for them. In the results of correlation analysis, body weight, BMI and obesity index were positively correlated with systolic blood pressure and cholesterol intake. There was a negative correlation between percent body fat and nutritional knowledge. Body weight was negatively related to HDL-cholesterol, whereas it has positive relation with RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit. BMI and obesity index were negatively related to HDL-cholesterol, but positively related to RBC, respectively. WHR showed positive relationship with serum GPT, glucose and MCV.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Kang YJ, Hong CH, Hong YJ. 1997. The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity over the last 18 years in Seoul area. Korean J Nutr 30: 832-839
  2. Must A, Jacques P, Dallal G, Bajema C, Dietz WH. 1992. Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescent- a follow up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1935 to 1992. New Engl J Med 327: 1350-1355 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199211053271904
  3. Whitaker RC, Wright JA, Pepe MS, Seidel KD, Dietz WH. 1997. Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. NEJM 337: 869-973 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199709253371301
  4. Guo S, Chumlea WC, Roche AF, Gardner JD, Sievogel RM. 1994. The predictive value of childhood body mass index values for overweight at age 35 y. Am J Clin Nutr 59: 810-819 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/59.4.810
  5. Lee IY, Lee LH. 1986. Prevalence of obesity among adolescent girls in Seoul and its relationship to dietary intakes and environmental factors. Korean J Nutr 19: 41-51
  6. Kang YL, Paik HY. 1988. A study on the etiology of childhood obesity. Korean J Nutr 21: 283-294
  7. Nutrition Committee, Canadian Pediatric Society. 1983. Adolescent nutrition: 3 obesity. Can Med Assoc J 129: 549-551
  8. Rames LK, Clark WR, Connor WE, Reiter MA, Lawer RM. 1978. Normal blood pressures and the evaluation in childhood the muscatine study. Pediatrics 61: 245-251
  9. Mann GV. 1974. The influence of obesity on helath. New Engl J Med 291: 178-185 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197407252910405
  10. Seoul metropolitan board of education. 2000. Seoul education statistical annual reports-The actual conditions of physique of students
  11. Perron M, Endres J. 1985. Knowledge, attitudes and dietary practices of female athletes. J Am Diet Assoc 85: 573-576
  12. Sung CJ, Lee MS, Sung MK, Choi MK, Park DY, Lee YS, Kim MH. 2000. A study of obesity indices of Korean adolescents and related factors. Korean J Community Nutr 5: 411-418
  13. Boren AR, Dixon PN, Reed DB. 1983. Measuring nutrition attitude among university students. J Am Diet Assoc 82: 251-253
  14. Lee DH. 1992. Diagnosis & clinical manifestations in childhood obesity. J Korean Soc Study Obesity 1: 40-47
  15. Korean pediatrics society. 1999. Standard groth charts of Korans childrean and adolescents in 1998
  16. Korean Nutr Soc. 2000. Recommended dietary allowances for Koreans. 7th revision. Seoul
  17. Kang YJ, Hong CH, Hong YJ. 1997. The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity over the last 18 years in Seoul area. Korean J Nutr 30: 832-839
  18. Cho JE, Kim JH, Song KH. 1994. A study on the relationship between dietary intakes and the obesity of middle school students in Seoul. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 23: 55-61
  19. Kim MH, Lee YS, Lee DH, Park HS, Sung CJ. 2001. The study of relation among serum copper, zinc, leptin and lipids of middle-school grils. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 30: 540-546
  20. Schwartz NE. 1975. Nutritional knowledge, attitudes and practices of high school graduates. J Am Diet Assoc 66: 28-31
  21. Garner DM, Garfinkel PE, Schwartz D, Thomson M. 1980. Cultural expectations of thinness in women. Psychol Rep 47: 483-491 https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1980.47.2.483
  22. Ryu HK, Yoon JS. 1998. Relations of perception of obesity and experiences of weigh control and body image in high school students. Korean J Community Nutrition 3: 202-209
  23. Lee SW, Sung CJ, Kim AJ, Kim MH. 2000. A study on nutritional attitude, food behavior and nutritional status according to nutrition knowledge of Korean middle school students. Korean J Community Nutrition 5: 419-431
  24. Kim YH, Jang HS. 1997. Indirect assessment of obesity and correlation between energy intake and energy expenditure of middle school students. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 26: 291-299
  25. An GS, Shin DS. 2001. A comparison of the food and nutrient intakes of adolescents between urban areas and islands in south Kyungnam. Korean J Community Nutrition 6: 271-281
  26. Hong SM, Syo YE, Hwang HJ. 2003. Iron status and anemia of middle school girls in Ulsan metropolitan city. Korean J Community Nutrition 8: 26-32
  27. Lee JW, Lee MS, Son SM, Lee BS. 2001. Nutritional assessment. Kyomoonsa, Seoul. p 175
  28. Choe YH, Choi Y, Kim JQ. 1995. Apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein (a) in elementary schoolchildren and a history of coronary of cerebral vascular events in their older family members. Korean J Lipidology and Atherosclerosis 5: 53-60
  29. Kim DS, Lim IS. 1999. The study of the serum lipid profile & its complication in obese children. J Korean Soc Study Obesity 8: 210-217
  30. Chung SK, Kim JA. 2002. The study of the blood pressure, blood sugar, and blood cholesterol in obese children. J Korea Community Health Nursing Academic Society 16: 436-444
  31. Sung CJ and 11 others. 2002. Clinical nutrition. Shinguang, Seoul. p 284
  32. Authur H, Eldred G. 1977. Relative importnace of the effect of family environment and heredity on obesity. Ann Hum Genet 41: 185-193 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.1977.tb01913.x
  33. Hausmann D, Johnson JA, Sudhir K, Mullen WL, Friedrich G, Fitzgerald PJ, Chou TM, Ports TA, Kane JP, Malloy MJ, Yock PG. 1996. Angiographically silent atherosclerosis detected by intravascular ultrasound in patients with amilial hypercholesterolemia and familial combined hyperlipidemia: correlation with high density lipoproteins. J Am Coll Cardiol 27: 1562-1570 https://doi.org/10.1016/0735-1097(96)00048-4
  34. Micozzi MS, Albanes D, Stevens RG. 1989. Relation of body size and composition to clinical biochemical and hemotologic indides in US men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 50: 1276-1281 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/50.6.1276
  35. Fricker J, Le Model G, Apfelbaum M. 1990. Obesity and iron status in menstruating women. Am J Clin Nutr 52: 863-866 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/52.5.863
  36. Chandra RK. 1980. Immunodeficiency in undernutrition and overnutrition. Acta Pediatric Scand 69: 25-30 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1980.tb07024.x

피인용 문헌

  1. The Relationships between Body Mass Index, Nutrition Knowledge and the Health Promotion Behavior of Nursing Students vol.18, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7586/jkbns.2016.18.2.87
  2. The Gender comparison of dietary and health behaviour of students first grade middle school in Suwon Gyeonggi, Korea vol.70, pp.OCE4, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665111002564
  3. Comparison of Dietary Habits, Exercise, Recognized Body Shapes and Weight Control between Obesity and Underweight of Adolescents vol.18, pp.6, 2009, https://doi.org/10.5934/KJHE.2009.18.6.1337
  4. A Study on the Correlation between Middle School Students' Eating Disorder Behavior and Scholastic Adjustment vol.17, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.6.707
  5. Effects of Foeniculi fructus Water Extracts on Activities of Key Enzymes of Lipid Metabolism Related with Obesity vol.24, pp.2, 2011, https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2011.24.2.181
  6. 미나리 줄기(Oenanthe javanica), 율무(Coicis lachryma-jobi L. var.), 차전자(Plantaginis asiatica L.) 물 추출물이 지질대사 vol.38, pp.11, 2005, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.11.1516
  7. 일산 지역 중학생의 간식 섭취에 영향을 미치는 요인 vol.38, pp.12, 2009, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.12.1732
  8. Risk prediction for Korean shift workers in Y power plant to prevent cardiovascular disease vol.9, pp.3, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13530-017-0324-2
  9. 어머니 취업여부에 따른 자녀의 영양소 섭취 수준과 비만 유병률 비교 - 국민건강영양조사 자료(2013-2015년) 활용 - vol.24, pp.4, 2005, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.4.331