Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
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Antimicrobial Activity of Korean Wild Tea Extract According to the Degree of Fermentation

발효정도에 따른 국내산 야생차 추출물의 항균활성

  • Published : 2005.02.01
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Abstract

This study was investigated to determine antimicrobial activity of the water and ethanol extracts of Korean wild green tea, semi-fermented tea, and fermented tea. Antimicrobial activity was examined against 8 kinds of several microorganisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the water and ethanol extracts of green tea showed the most active antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis 0.2 mg/mL in Gram positive bacteria and P. fluorescens 0.3∼0.5 mg/mL in Gram negative bacteria. But the extracts did not show antimicrobial activity against lactic acid bacteria and yeast at the level of less than 1 mg/mL. Antimicrobial activity got lower as tea got more fermented. Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts from green tea, semifermented tea, and fermented tea was stronger than that of water extracts. Antimicrobial activity of the water and ethanol extracts of green tea, semi-fermented tea, and fermented tea was not destroyed at 50∼121$^{\circ}C$, and pH 3∼11, which proved to be very stable when given over heat, acid & alkali treatment. The ethanol extract of green tea, semi-fermented tea, and fermented tea was fractionated in the order of hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and water fraction. The highest antimicrobial activity was found in the water fraction, but not found in hexane fraction, while antimicrobial activity of fermented tea was not found in ether fraction.

국내산 야생9차를 발효정도에 따라 몇 단계의 발효차를 제조하여 일반세균, 젖산균 및 효모 총 8균주에 대한 항균활성을 검색하고, 항균활성 물질의 미생물에 대한 최소저해농도, 열 및 pH에 대한 안정성, 에탄올추출물의 용매분획별 항균 활성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 국내산 야생녹차의 물추출물과 에탄올추출물의 최소저 해농도는 그람양성균에서는 B. subtilis가 0.2 mg/mL로 가장 낮았고, 그람음성균에서는 P fuorescens가 0.3∼0.5 mg/ mL로 가장 낮았으며, 젖산균과 효모는 1 mg/mL이하의 농도에서는 항균활성이 나타나지 않았다. 발효가 많이 진행된 차일수록 불발효차인 녹차에 비하여 항균활성은 점점 감소하였으며, 에탄올추출물이 물추출물보다 항균효과가 더 높았다. 차 항균활성 물질의 열 및 pH 안정성 은 50∼121$^{\circ}C$ 및 pH 3∼11까지 각 균주의 생육 저해환의 크기가 대조구와 비슷하게 나타나 녹차, 반발효차, 발효차 모두 열과 pH에 안정한 것으로 확인되었다. 차 에탄올추출물을 용매 분획한 결과 물분획물에서 생육억제효과가 가장 크게 나타났고, 그 다음으로는 에틸아세 테이트 분회물, 에테르 분획물의 순으로 항균활성이 높았으며, 헥산 분획물에서는 항균활성을 보이지 않았다. 각 분획물의 항균활성은 발효가 많이 진행된 차일수록 생육 저해환의 크기가 적었으며, 발효도가 높은 국내산 강발효차와 중국산 홍차의 경우 에테르 분획물에서는 항균활성이 나타나지 않았다.

Keywords

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