Ocean and Polar Research

Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (한국해양과학기술원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Numerical Simulation of the Asian Monsoon for the Mid-Holocene Using a Numerical Model

수치모델을 이용한 홀로세 중기의 아시아 몬순순환 변화 연구

  • 김성중 (한국해양연구원 부설 극지연구소) ;
  • 이방용 (한국해양연구원 부설 극지연구소) ;
  • 박유민 (한국해양연구원 부설 극지연구소) ;
  • 석봉출 (한국해양연구원 해양환경연구본부)
  • Published : 2005.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The change in global climate and Asian monsoon patterns during the mid-Holocene, 6000 years before present (6 ka), is simulated by a climate model at spectral truncations of T170 with 18 vertical layers, corresponding to grid-cell sizes of roughly 75km. The present simulation is forced with the observed monthly data of sea surface temperatures, and the specified concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, while in the mid-Holocene experiment, orbital parameters such as obliquity, precession, and eccentricity are changed to the 6ka conditions. Under such conditions, the precipitation associated with the summer monsoon is enhanced over a wider zonal band from the Middle East to Southeast Asia, while no significant alteration takes Place in winter. The monsoonal wind also increases over the Arabian Sea, showing the enhanced southwesterly wind during summer and northeasterly wind during winter. Overall, the showing of the Asian monsoon is enhanced during the mid-Holocene, especially in summer, which is consistent with the proxy estimates and other previous model simulations.

Keywords

References

  1. Barnola, J.-M., D. Raynaud, Y.S. Korotkevich, and C. Lorius. 1987. Vostok ice core provides 160,000-year record of atmospheric $CO_2$. Nature, 329, 408-414. https://doi.org/10.1038/329408a0
  2. Bonan, G. 1998. The land surface climatology of the NCAR Land Surface Model coupled to the NCAR Community Climate Model. J. Climate, 11, 1307-1326. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1307:TLSCOT>2.0.CO;2
  3. Bush, A.B.G. 2002. A comparison of simulated monsoon circulations and snow accumulation in Asia during the mid-Holocene and at the Last Glacial Maximum. Global Planet. Change, 32, 331-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8181(02)00074-7
  4. de Noblet, N., P. Braconnot, S. Joussaume, and V. Masson. 1996. Sensitivity of simulated Asian and African summer monsoons to orbitally induced variations in insolation 126, 115, 6 kBP. Clim. Dynam., 12, 589-603. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00216268
  5. Ding, Y. 1994. Monsoons over china. Kluwer Academy Publishers, London.
  6. Douville, H., J-F. Royer, J. Polcher, P. Cox, N. Gedney, D.B. Stephenson, and P.J. Valdes. 2000. Impact of $CO_2$ doubling on the Asian summer monsoon: Robust versus model-dependent responses. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 78, 421-439. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.78.4_421
  7. Duffy, P.B., B. Govindasamy, J.P. Iorio, J. Milovich, K.R. Sperber, K.E. Taylor, M.F. Wehner, and S.L. Thompson. 2003. High-resolution simulations of global climate, part 1: present climate. Clim. Dynam., 21, 371-390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-003-0339-z
  8. Hall, N.M. and P.J. Valdes. 1997. A GCM simulation of the climate 6000 years ago. J. Climate, 10, 3-17. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0003:AGSOTC>2.0.CO;2
  9. Hewitt, C.D. and J.F.B. Mitchell. 1996. GCM simulations of the climate of 6 kyr BP: Mean changes and interdecadal variability. J. Climate, 9. 3505-3529. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<3505:GSOTCO>2.0.CO;2
  10. Hu, Z.-Z., L. Bengtsson, and K. Arpe. 2000. Impact of global warming on the Asian winter monsoon in a coupled GCM. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 4607-4624. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD901031
  11. Indermuhle, A., T.F. Stocker, F. Joos, H. Fischer, H.J. Smith, M. Wahlen, B. Deck, D. Mastroianni, J. Tschumi, T. Blunier, R. Meyer, and B. Stauffer. 1999. Holocene carbon-cycle dynamics based on $CO_2$ trapped in ice at Taylor Dome, Antarctica. Nature, 398, 121-126. https://doi.org/10.1038/18158
  12. Joussaume, S., K.E. Taylor, P. Braconnot, J.F.B. Mitchell, J.E. Kutzbach, S.P. Harrison, I.C. Prentice, A.J. Broccoli, A. Abe-Ouchi, P.J. Bartlein, C. Bonfils, B. Dong, J. Guiot, K. Herterich, C.D. Hewitt, D. Jolly, J.W. Kim, A. Kislov, A. Kitoh, M.F. Loutre, V. Masson, B. McAvaney, N. McFarlane, N. de Noblet, W.R. Peltier, J.Y. Peterschmitt, D. Pollard, D. Rind, J.F. Royer, M.E. Schlesinger, J. Syktus, and S. Thompson. 1999. Monsoon changes for 6000 years ago: Results of 18 simulations from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 859-862. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900126
  13. Kiehl, J.T., J.J. Hack, B.G. Bonan, B.A. Boville, D.L. Williamson, and P. Rasch. 1998a. The National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model: CCM3. J. Climate, 11, 1131-1149. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1131:TNCFAR>2.0.CO;2
  14. Kiehl, J.T., J.J. Hack, and J. Hurrell. 1998b. The energy budget of the NCAR Community Climate Model: CCM3. J. Climate, 11, 1151-1178. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1151:TEBOTN>2.0.CO;2
  15. Kim, S.-J., T.J. Crowley, D.J. Erickson, G. Bala, and P.B. Duffy. 2005. High-resolution climate simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum. Clim. Dynam., submitted. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-007-0332-z
  16. Kohfeld, K.E. and S.P. Harrison. 2000. How well can we simulate past climates? Evaluating the models using global paleoenvironmental datasets. Quat. Sci. Rev., 19, 321-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00068-2
  17. Kutzbach, J.E. and B.L. Otto-Bliesner. 1982. The sensitivity of the African-Asian monsoonal climate to orbital parameter changes for 9000 years B.P. in a low-resolution general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1177-1188. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1982)039<1177:TSOTAA>2.0.CO;2
  18. Kutzbach, J.E. and F.A. Street-Perrott. 1985. Milankovich forcing of fluctuations in the level of tropical lakes from 18 to 0 kyr BP. Nature, 317, 130-134. https://doi.org/10.1038/317130a0
  19. Kutzbach, J.E. and P.J. Guetter. 1986. The influence of changing orbital parameters and surface boundary conditions on climate simulations for the past 18,000 years. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1726-1759. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<1726:TIOCOP>2.0.CO;2
  20. Kutzbach, J.E. and R.G. Gallimore. 1988. Sensitivity of a coupled atmosphere/mixed layer ocean model to changes in orbital forcing at 9000 years B.P. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 803-821. https://doi.org/10.1029/JD093iD01p00803
  21. Petit, J.R., J. Jouzel, D. Raynaud, N.I. Barkov, J.-M. Barnola, I. Basile, M. Benders, J. Chappellaz, M. Davis, G. Delayque, M. Delmotte, V.M. Kotlyakov, M. Legrand, V.Y. Lipenkov, C. Lorius, L. Pepin, C. Ritz, E. Saltzman, and M. Stievenard. 1999. Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica. Nature, 399, 429-436. https://doi.org/10.1038/20859
  22. Prell, W.L. 1984. Monsoonal climate of the Arabian Sea during the Late Quaternary: A response to changing solar radiation. p. 349-366. In: Milankovich and climate, Part 1. eds. by A. Berger, J. Imbrie, J. Hays, G. Kukla, and B. Saltzman. D. Reidel, Hingham, Mass.
  23. Prell, W.L. and J.E. Kutzbach. 1987. Monsoon variability over the past 150,000 years. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 8411-8425. https://doi.org/10.1029/JD092iD07p08411
  24. Raynaud, D., J.-M. Barnola, J. Chappellaz, T. Blunier, A. Indermhle, and B. Stauffer. 2000. The ice record of greenhouse gases: a view in the context of future changes. Quat. Sci. Rev., 19, 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00082-7
  25. Ruddiman, W.F. and A.C. Mix. 1993. The north and equatorial Atlantic at 9000 and 6000 yr BP. p. 94-124. In: Global Climates Since the Last Glacial Maximum. eds. by H.E.J. Wright, J.E. Kutzbach, T. Webb III, W.F. Ruddiman, F.A. Street-Perrott, and P.J. Bartlein. Univ. Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
  26. Webster, P.J., V.O. Magana, T.N. Palmer, J. Shukla, R.A. Tomas, M. Yanai, and T. Yasunari. 1998. Monsoons: Processes, predictability, and the prospects for prediction. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14451-14510. https://doi.org/10.1029/97JC02719
  27. Xie, P. and P.A. Arkin. 1997. Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 2539-2558. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2539:GPAYMA>2.0.CO;2
  28. Yu, G. and S.P. Harrison. 1996. An evaluation of the simulated water balance of Eurasia and northern Africa at 6000 yr BP using lake status data. Clim. Dynam., 12, 723-735. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003820050139
  29. Wei, J. and H. Wang. 2004. A possible role of solar radiation and ocean in the mid-Holocene East Asian monsoon climate. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 21, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02915675