Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering (환경위생공학)

Korean Society for Environmental Sanitary Engineers (대한환경위생공학회)
권호 표지

Potential Exposure of Indoor Air Pollutants inside Vehicle for Professional Taxi Drivers

영업용 택시 운전자들의 공기오염물질 노출평가

  • Yang Won-Ho (Department of Occupational Health, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Kim Dae-Won (Department of Environmental Science, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Kim Young-Hee (Department of Occupational Health, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Kim Jong-Oh (Department of Environmental Health, Dongnam Health College)
  • 양원호 (대구가톨릭대학교 산업보건학과) ;
  • 김대원 (대구가톨릭대학교 환경과학과) ;
  • 김영희 (대구가톨릭대학교 산업보건학과) ;
  • 김종오 (동남보건대학 환경보건과)
  • Published : 2005.12.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Professional taxi driver exposure to indoor air pollutants has been a subject of concern in recent years because of higher levels of air pollutants, comparing to the surrounding atmosphere. This study evaluated the potential exposure to respirable suspended particulate (RSP), nitrogen dioxide $(NO_2)$ and volatile organic compounds (VOCs; benzene and toluene) for professional taxi drivers inside each of 10 vehicles in Pusan, comparing weekday (Monday and Thursday) and weekend (Saturday). Indoor mean concentrations of RSP inside vehicle were $53.88\;ug/m^3\;and\;75.52\;ug/m^3$ on weekday and weekend, respectively. Measured indoor $NO_2$ concentrations were 28.32ppb and 40.69 ppb, respectively. Benzene and toluene mean concentrations inside vehicle were 5.41 ppb and 11.36 ppb, respectively. Considering no smoking of taxi drivers inside vehicle, closed window in winter, and increased usage of taxi on weekend, source of indoor air pollutants inside taxi might be mainly suggested from the number of passenger's carried, faulty exhaust systems, and engine and carburetor evaporative emissions.

Keywords

References

  1. Jones, A.P., Indoor air quality and health, Atmospheric Environment, 33, 4535-4564, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00272-1
  2. Lee, K., Yang, W., Bofinger, N.D.: Effect of microenvironmental nitrogen dioxide concentrations on personal exposure in Australia, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 50, 1739-1744, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2000.10464212
  3. 양원호, 이선화, 백도명 : 시간가중치 평균모델을 이용한 이산화질소 노출 평가 및 예측, 한국대기환경학회지, 17(3), 251-258, 2001
  4. 김대원, 김문현, 양원호 : 차량 운전자의 공기오염물질 노출 및 차량용 공기정화기에 의한 제어, 한국환경보건학회, 30(5), 481-486, 2004
  5. Hansen, J., Raaschou-Nielsen, O., Olsen, J.H. : Increased risk of lung cancer among different types of professional drivers in Denmark, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 55, 115-118, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.55.2.115
  6. Jo, W.K., Song, KB. : Exposure to volatile organic compounds for individuals with occupations associated with potential exposure to motor vehicle exhaust and /or gasoline vapor emissions, The Science of the Total Environment, 269, 25-37, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00774-9
  7. Nitta, H., Sato, T, Nakai, S., Maeda, K, Aoki, S., Ono, M. : Respiratory health associated with exposure to automobile exhaust. I. Results of cross-sectional studies in 1979, 1982, and 1983., Archives of Environmental Health, 48, 53-58, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1993.9938393
  8. Fischer, P.H., Hoek, G., Reeuwijk, V., Briggs, D.J., Lebert, E., Wijnen, J.H., Kingham, S., Elliott, P.E. : Traffic-related differences in outdoor and volatile organic compounds in Amsterdam, Atmospheric Environment, 34, 3713-3722, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00067-4
  9. Chan, C., Ozkaynak, H., Spengler, J.D., Sheldon, L. : Driver exposure to volatile organic compounds, CO, ozone and $NO_2$ under different driving conditions, Environ.Sci.Technol., 25, 964-972, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1021/es00017a021
  10. Dor, F., Moullee, Y.L., Festy, B. : Exposure of city residents to carbon monoxide and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during commuting trips in the Paris metropolitan area, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 45, 104-110, 1995
  11. Janssen, N.A.H., Vliet, P.H.N., Aarts, E, Harssema, H., Brunekreef, B. : Assessment of exposure to traffic related air pollution of children attending schools near motorways, Atmospheric Environment, 35, 3875-3884, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00144-3
  12. Yanagisawa, Y., Nishimura, H. : A badge-type personal sampler for measurement of personal exposure to $NO_2$ and No in ambient air, Environment International, 8, 235-242, 1982 https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(82)90033-2
  13. Lee, K., Yanagisawa, Y., Spengle, J.D. : Sampling rate evaluation for $NO_2$ badge: (I) in indoor environment, Indoor Air, 4(2), 124-130, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.1993.t01-2-00007.x
  14. 3M : Organic Vapor Monitor Sampling and Analysis Guide, Occupational Health and Safety, Products Division/3M (http://www.3mcom)
  15. Wallace, L.A. : Indoor particles: a review, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 46,: 08-126, 1996
  16. 방용남, 손부순, 양원호, 박종안, 장봉기 : 시간행동 행태을 이용한 영업용 운전자들의 이산화질소 개인 노출량 예측, 한국환경위생학회, 27(1), 20-26, 2001
  17. Bae, H., Yang, W., Chung, M. : Potential exposure and traffic contribution to indoor air quality of shoe-stalls near busy road in Korea, The Science of the Total Environment, 323, 99-105, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.09.033
  18. Brown, S.K., Cheng, M. : Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in new car interiors, 15th International Clean Air & Environment Conference, Sydney, Australia, 2000