호맥 사일리지의 급여가 비육돈의 생산성, 혈액 성상 및 도체 특성에 미치는 효과

Effect of Feeding Rye Silage on Growth Performance, Blood and Carcass Characteristics in Finishing Pigs

  • 조진호 (단국대학교 동물자원과학과) ;
  • 한영근 (농협중앙회) ;
  • 민병준 (단국대학교 동물자원과학과) ;
  • 진영걸 (단국대학교 동물자원과학과) ;
  • 김해진 (단국대학교 동물자원과학과) ;
  • 유종상 (단국대학교 동물자원과학과) ;
  • 김정우 (단국대학교 동물자원과학과) ;
  • 김인호 (단국대학교 동물자원과학과)
  • Cho Jin-Ho (Department of Animal Resource & Sciences, Dankook University) ;
  • Han Young-Geun (National Agriculatural Co-operative Federation) ;
  • Min Byoung-Joon (Department of Animal Resource & Sciences, Dankook University) ;
  • Chen Ying-Jie (Department of Animal Resource & Sciences, Dankook University) ;
  • Kim Hea-Jin (Department of Animal Resource & Sciences, Dankook University) ;
  • Yoo Jong-Sang (Department of Animal Resource & Sciences, Dankook University) ;
  • Kim Jung-Woo (Department of Animal Resource & Sciences, Dankook University) ;
  • Kim In-Ho (Department of Animal Resource & Sciences, Dankook University)
  • 발행 : 2005.12.01

초록

본 연구는 조사료인 호맥 사일리지를 배합사료 원료 대체 급여 시 비육돈의 성장, 혈액성상 및 도체특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 시험을 실시하였다. 3원 교잡종(Land-race ${\times}Yorkshire{\times}$ Duroc) 비육돈 18두를 공시하였으며 시험 개시시 평균체중은 $94.03\pm0.71kg$이었고 28일간 개체별 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험설계는 호맥 사일리지 첨가에 따라 1) CON(commercial diet: ME 3,350 kcal/kg and crude fiber $2.84\%$), 2) T1(ME 3,294 kcal/kg and crude fiber$2.99\%$ diet with rye silage $1.66\%$) and 3) T2(ME 3,237 kcal/kg and crude fiber $3.15\%$ with rye silage $3.32\%$)로 3처리로 하여 처리당 6반복, 반복당 1마리씩 $1.8\pm1.8m$ 크기의 돈방에 개별 수용하였다. 사양시험 동안 총 사료섭취 량과 기초사료인 배합사료 섭취 량은 T1구와 T2구가 높았으며 CON구가 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05).혈액 내 코티졸 함량의 변화는 호맥 사일리지를 급여한 T1구와 T2구에서 통계적으로 감소하였다 (P<0.05). 육색 중 명도를 나타내는 $L^*$값, 육색과 근내 지방도는 T2구가 가장 높았고(P<0.05) 황색도를 나타내는 $b^*$값 은 T1구가 가장 높았다(P<0.05). 살코기 내 지방산 조성을 보면, palmitic acid와 arachidic acid에서는 대조구가 가장 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), palmitoleic acid는 T2구가 가장 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 지방 내 지방산 조성을 보면, palmitic acid 와 arachidic acid 함량은 다른 처리구와 비교하여 대조구가 유의적으로 가장 높았다(P<0.05). 건물과 질소 소화율에서는 T1과 T2구가 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높았고 분내 propionic acid 함량은 T1구가 다른 처리구와 비교하여 가장 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 결론적으로, 비육돈 사료 내 호맥 사일리지의 혼합급여는 사료섭취 량, 혈액 내 코티졸 함량의 감수 육의 명도, 육색, 근내 지방도 및 건물과 질소 소화율에 영향을 미치는 것으로 비추어 볼 때 배합사료 원료를 호맥 사일리지로 $3.32\%$ 대체하여 혼합 급여하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 사료된다.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding rye silage on growth performance, blood and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs. The total of eighteen $(Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc)$ pigs $(94.03\pm0.71kg)$ were used in a 28-days assay. Dietary treatments included 1) CON(commercial diet ME 3,350 kcal/kg and crude fiber $2.84\%$), 2) T1(ME 3,294kcal/kg and crude fiber $2.99\%$ diet with rye silage $1.66\%$) and 3) T2(ME 3,237kcal/kg and crude fiber $3.15\%$ with rye silage $3.32\%$). In growth performance, total feed intake, basal feed intake and average daily feed intake were significantly higher in T1 and T2 treatments than CON treatment(P<0.05). Cortisol concentration in blood of pigs fed rye silage was significantly decreased compare to pigs fed CON diet(p<0.05). In meat quality characteristics, the hunter's $L^*$ value and marbling of pork were the highest in T2 treatment among treatments (P<0.05). Fatty acid composition in lean meat, the composition of palmitic and arachidic acid were significantly Higher in CON than others(P<0.05), also, palmitoleic acid was highest in T2 treatment among treatments(P<0.05). In fats those, palmitic and arachidic acid were the highest in CON treatment than those of other treatments(P<0.05). Digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen in pigs fed T1 and T2 diets were greater than that of pigs fed CON diet(p<0.05). Propionic acid concentration of fecal was the highest in T1 treatment among treatments(P<0.05). In conclusion, feed intake, the hunter's $L^*$ value, meat color of sensory evaluation and marbling of pork were affected by $3.32\%$ rye silage feeding.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Allain, C. C., Poon, L. S., Chan, C. S. G., Richmond, W., and Fu, P. C. (1974) Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clinic Chemistry 20, 470-475
  2. AOAC (1995) Official method of analysis. 16th ed. Association of official Analtical Chemists. Washington, D.C.
  3. Bowland, J. P., Bickel, H. P., Pfirter, H. P., Wenk, C. P., and Schurch, A. (1970) Respiration calorimetry studies with growing pigs fed diets containing from three to twelve percent crude fiber. J. Anim. Sci. 31, 494-501
  4. Briggle, L. W. (1959) Growing rye. U. S. D. A. Farmers Bull. No. 2145, pp. 16
  5. Crampton, E. W., Ashton, G. C., and Lioye, L. E. (1954) Improvement of bacon carcass quality by the introduction of fibrous feed into the hog finishing ration. J. Anim. Sci. 13, 327-331
  6. Dierick, N. A., Vervaeke, I. J., Demeyer, D. I., and Decuypere, J. A. (1989) Approach to the energetic importance of fibre digestion in pigs. I. Importance of fermentation in the overall energy supply. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 23, 141-167 https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(89)90095-3
  7. Duncan, D. B. (1955) Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics. 11, pp 1-14 https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478
  8. Eggum, B. O. (1995) The influence of dietary fibre on protein digestion and utilization in monogastrics. Arch. Anim. Nurt. 48, 89-98 https://doi.org/10.1080/17450399509381831
  9. Folch, J., Lees, M., and Sloane-Stanley, G. H. (1957) A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipid from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 226, 497-509
  10. Giusi-perier, A., Fiszlewics. M., and Rerat, A. (1989) Influence of diet composition on intestinal volatile fatty acid and nutrient absorption in unanesthetized pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 67, 386-402
  11. Grundy, S. M. (1986) Comparison of monounsaturated fatty acids and carbohydrates for lowering plasma cholesterol. N. Engl. J. Med. 314, 745-751 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198603203141204
  12. Hagland, O., Luostarinen, R., Wallin, R., Wibell, L., and Saldeen, T. (1991) The effect of fish oil on triglyceride, cholesterol, fibrinogen and malonaldehyde in humans supplemented with vitamin E. J. Nutr. 121, 165-169
  13. Henry, Y. M. (1976) Prediction of energy values of feeds for swine form fiber contant. Proc. First Int. Symp. Feed Composition. Utah State Univ, Logan
  14. Hong, S. K., Lee, B. S., Kang, H. S., Cho, W. M., Lee, J. M., Baek, B. H., Kim, N. S., and Song, M. K. (1996) Effects of feeding various silage on the carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. Kor. J. Anim. Sci. 38, 69-76
  15. Jonnalagadda, S. S., Thye, F. W., and Robertson, J. L. (1993) Plasma total and lipoprotein choleterol, liver cholesterol and fecal cholesterol excretion in hamsters fed fiber diets. J. Nutr. 123, 1388-1382
  16. Keys, A. (1980) Coronary heart disease in seven countries, circulation(suppl). XLI. 453
  17. Kim, I. S., Min, J. S., and Lee, M. (1998) Comparison of TBA, VBN, fatty acids composition, and sensory characteristics of the imported and domestic frozen pork bellies. Korean J. Anim. Sci. 40, 507-516
  18. Kim, S. J., Kim, Y. S., Song, Y. H., and Lee, S. K. (2002) Analysis of factors for seasonal meat color characteristics in Hanwoo(Korean cattle) beef using decision tree method. J. Anim. Sci & Technol. 44, 607-616 https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2002.44.5.607
  19. Marsh, W. H., Fingerhut, B., and Miller, J. (1965) Automated and manual direct methods for the determination of blood urea. Clin. Chem. 11, 624-627
  20. Naoyuki, N., and Yoshiharu, F. (1995) The elevation of plasma concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in mice fed with protein from proso millet. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 59, 333-335 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.59.333
  21. National Pork Producers Council (1994) NPPC pork quality standards. Des Moines, Iowa, USA
  22. NRC (1998) Nutrient Requirements of swine. National Research Council, Academy Press
  23. Roberfroid, M. (1993) Dietary fiber, insulin and oligofructose: A review comparing their physiological effects. Cri. Rev. Food. Sci. Nutr. 33, 103-148 https://doi.org/10.1080/10408399309527616
  24. Sakaguchi, E., Itoh, H., Kohno, T., Ohshima, S., and Mizutani, K. (1997) Fiber digestion and weight gain in guinea pigs fed diets containing different fiber sources. Exp. Anim. 46, 297-302 https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.46.297
  25. SAS (1996) SAS user's guide: Statisics, SAS Inst, Inc., Cary, NC
  26. Stahly, T. S. and Cromwell, G. L. (1986) Responses to dietary additions of fiber(alfalfa meal) in growing pigs housed in a cold, warm or hot thermal environment. J. Anim. Sci. 63, 1870-1876
  27. Varel, V. H. and Yen, J. T. (1997) Microbial perspective on fiber utilization by swine. J. Anim. Sci. 75, 2715-2722
  28. Walker, M. E. and Morey, D. D. (1962) Influence of rates of N. P and K on Forage and Grain Production of Gator Rye in South Georgia. Univ. of Ga. Expt. Sta. Cir. N.S. 27, pp 15
  29. Zervas, S. and Zijlstra, R. T. (2002) Effects of dietary and oathull fiber on nitrogen excretion patterns and postprandial plasma urea profiles in grower pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 80, 3238-3246
  30. Zoiopoulos, P. E., English, P. R., and Topps, J. H. (1982) High fibre diets for ad libitum feeding of sows during lactation. Anim. Prod. J. Agric. Sci. 59, 381-385
  31. Zoiopoulos, P. E., English, P. R., and Topps, J. H. (1983) A note on intake and digestibility of fibrous diet self fed to primiparous sows. Anim. Prod. J. Agric. Sci. 37, 153-156 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003356100001689
  32. 남기윤 (2004) 느타리버섯 부산물 사일리지 급여가 흑돈의 생산형질, 도체특성 및 육질에 미치는 영향. 진주산업대학교 석사학위논문
  33. 이무영 (1988) 중북부지방에 있어서 작부체계가 사초의 생산성과 사료가치에 미치는 영향. 서울대학교 박사학위논문
  34. 한인규, 최창애, 박태진, 정숙근 (1967) 고구마 양돈사료에 관한시험. 축산시험연구보고. 453-481