DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of Fishmeal Supplement with Net Nitrogen Flux by the Portal-drained Viscera and the Liver in Mature Sheep

  • Fukuma, T. (Hiroshima Prefectural Livestock Technology Research Center) ;
  • Taniguchi, K. (Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University) ;
  • Obitsu, T. (Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University)
  • Received : 2004.09.26
  • Accepted : 2005.02.26
  • Published : 2005.09.01

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the net flux response of nitrogen compounds (alpha-amino N, ammonia N, urea N, essential amino acids) across the portal-drained viscera (PDV), liver and total splanchnic tissues of mature wethers to increasing level of dietary fishmeal (FM) supplementation. Four wethers (average body weight, 64 kg) with chronic indwelling catheters into the portal, hepatic and mesenteric veins and the abdominal aorta were used in a 4${\times}$4 Latin square design. A basal diet consisting of 0.7 hay and 0.3 concentrate was fed twice daily with a fixed amount at 1.4 times maintenance energy (1.3 kg/day on a dry matter basis). The supplementation proportion of FM as treatment was 0, 0.03, 0.06 and 0.09 to the amount of the basal diet to contain 119, 137, 154 and 170 g crude protein per kg dietary dry matter, respectively. Blood flows through PDV and liver did not differ (p>0.05) among the treatments. Both net PDV release and hepatic uptake of alpha amino acid N increased linearly (p<0.05) in response to increased dietary FM, which resulted in similar total splanchnic release of alpha-amino N among the treatments. Similarly, increased dietary FM increased net PDV absorption and hepatic removal of ammonia N linearly (p<0.05). Hepatic synthesis and total splanchnic release of urea N increased linearly (p<0.01) with increased dietary FM, but PDV uptake of urea N did not respond to increased dietary FM. Linear regression equations between the increases in FM N intake and PDV net flux indicated that 0.34 and 0.30 of FM N was absorbed in the form of alpha-amino N and ammonia N, respectively. The results demonstrated that FM supplementation provides more alpha-amino N than ammonia N to the liver, but the alpha-amino acid N absorption is less than the expected metabolizable protein N from FM supplementation.

Keywords

References

  1. Bohnert, D. W., B. T. Larson, S. J. Lewis, C. J. Richards, K. C. Swanson, D. L. Harmon and G. E. Mitchell Jr. 1999. Net nutrient flux in visceral tissues on lambs fed diets differing in supplemental nitrogen source. J. Anim. Sci. 77:2545-2553.
  2. Ceriotti, G. 1971. Ultramicrodetermination of plasma urea by reaction with diacetylmonoxime-antipyrine without deproteinization. Clin. Chem. 17:400-402.
  3. Corbett, J. L. and M. Freer. 2003. Past and present definitions of the energy and protein requirements of ruminants. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 16:609-624.
  4. Federation of Animal Science Societies. 1999. Guide for the care and use of agricultural animals in agricultural research and teaching. 1st Ed. Federation of Animal Science Societies, Savoy, Ilino
  5. Ferrell, C. L., K. K. Kreikemeier and H. C. Freetly. 1999. The effect of supplemental energy, nitrogen, and protein on feed intake, digestibility, and nitrogen flux across the gut and liver in sheep fed low-quality forage. J. Anim. Sci. 77:3353-3364.
  6. Ferrell, C. L., H. C. Freetly, A. L. Goetsch and K. K. Kreikemeier. 2001. The effect of dietary nitrogen and protein on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen flux across the portaldrained viscera and liver of sheep consuming high-concentrate diets ad libitum. J. Anim. Sci. 79:1322-1328.
  7. Goodwin, J. F. 1968. On the measurement of urinary nitrogen with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Clin. Chim. Acta. 21:231-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(68)90132-0
  8. Guerino, F., G. B. Huntington and R. A. Erdman. 1991. The net portal and hepatic flux of metabolites and oxygen consumption in growing beef steers given postruminal casein. J. Anim. Sci. 69:387-395.
  9. Harvey, R. B. and A. J. Brothers. 1962. Renal extraction of paraaminohippurate and creatinine measured by continuous in vivo sampling of arterial and renal-vein blood. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 102:46-54.
  10. Hoskin, S. O., I. C. Savary-Auzeloux, A. G. Calder, G. Zuur and G. E. Lobley. 2003. Effect of feed intake on amino acid transfer across the ovine hindquarters. Br. J. Nutr. 89:167-179.
  11. Huntington, G. B. 1987. Net absorption from portal-drained viscera of nitrogenous compounds by beef heifers fed on diets differing in protein solubility or degradability in the rumen. Br. J. Nutr. 57:109-114. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19870014
  12. Huntington, G. B. and S. L. Archibeque. 1999. Practical aspects of urea and ammonia metabolism in ruminants. Proceeding of the American Society of Animal Science, E23: 1-11. http://www.asas.org./jas/symposia/proceedings/0939.pdf
  13. Huntington, G. B., C. K. Reynolds and B. H. Stroud. 1989. Techniques for measuring blood flow in splanchnic tissues of cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 72: 1583-1595.
  14. Hussein, H. S. and R. M. Jordan. 1991. Fish meal as a protein supplement in ruminant diets: a review. J. Anim. Sci. 69:2147-2156.
  15. Kabasakalian, P., S. Kalliney and A. Westcott. 1974. Enzymatic blood glucose determination by colorimetry on N,Ndiethylaniline-4-aminoantypyrine. Clin. Chem. 20:606-607.
  16. Katz, M. L. and E. N. Bergman. 1969. Simultaneous measurements of hepatic and portal venous blood flow in the sheep and dog. Am. J. Physiol. 216:946-952.
  17. Marini, J. C. and M. E. Van Amburgh. 2003. Nitrogen metabolism and recycling in Holstein heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 81:545-552.
  18. Marini, J. C., J. D. Klein, J. M. Sands and M. E. Van Amburgh. 2004. Effect of nitrogen intake on nitrogen recycling and urea transporter abundance in lams. J. Anim. Sci. 82:1157-1164.
  19. National Research Council. 1985. Ruminant Nitrogen Usage. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
  20. National Research Council. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy cattle. 7th Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
  21. Okuda, H., S. Fujii and Y. Kawashima. 1965. A direct colorimetric determination of blood ammonia. Tokushima Journal of Experimental Medicine 12:11-23.
  22. Remond, D., L. Bernard and C. Poncet. 2000. Free and peptide amino acid net flux across the rumen and the mesenteric- and portal-drained viscera of sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 78:1960-1972.
  23. Reynolds, C. K. and G. B. Huntington. 1988. Partition of portaldrained viscera net flux in beef steers. 1. Blood flow and net flux of oxygen, glucose and nitrogenous compounds across stomach and post-stomach tissues. Br. J. Nutr. 60:539-551.
  24. Rolfe, D. F. S. and G. C. Brown. 1997. Cellular energy utilization and molecular origin of standard metabolic rate in mammals. Physiol. Rev. 77:732-758.
  25. Rooke, J. A. and D. G. Armstrong. 1987. The digestion by cattle of silage and barley diets containing increasing quantities of fishmeal. J. Agric. Sci. (Cambridge) 109:261-272.
  26. SAS Institute. 2000. SAS/STAT User’s Guide, Version 8 Edition SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina.
  27. Taniguchi, K., G. B. Huntington and B. P. Glenn. 1995. Net nutrient flux by visceral tissues of beef steers given abomasal and ruminal infusions of casein and starch. J. Anim. Sci. 73:236-249.
  28. Titgemeyer, E. C., N. R. Merchen and L. L. Berger. 1989. Evaluation of soybean meal, corn gluten meal, blood meal and fish meal as sources of nitrogen and amino acids disappearing from the small intestine of steers. J. Anim. Sci. 67:262-275.
  29. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Method for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2

Cited by

  1. Net Portal Fluxes of Nitrogen Metabolites in Holstein Steers Fed Diets Containing Different Dietary Ratios of Whole-crop Corn Silage and Alfalfa Hay vol.22, pp.3, 2005, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2009.80414