태아기 신생아 뇌실내 출혈

Intrauterine Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Premature Infants

  • 진현승 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 소아과) ;
  • 박경아 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 소아과) ;
  • 구현우 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원, 진단방사선과) ;
  • 윤종현 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원, 진단방사선과) ;
  • 김애란 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 소아과) ;
  • 김기수 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 소아과) ;
  • 피수영 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 소아과)
  • Jin, Hyun-Seung (Department of Pediatrics,Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan) ;
  • Park, Kyeng-Ah (Department of Pediatrics,Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan) ;
  • Goo, Hyun-Woo (Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan) ;
  • Yoon, Jong-Hyun (Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan) ;
  • Kim, Ai-Rhan (Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan) ;
  • Kim, Ki-Soo (Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan) ;
  • Pi, Su-Young (Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan)
  • 투고 : 2004.08.20
  • 심사 : 2004.09.23
  • 발행 : 2005.01.15

초록

목 적 : 미숙아에서 흔히 발생되는 뇌실내 출혈의 낭성병변은 출혈이 흡수되는 과정에서 생기는 것으로 출혈 후 수일에서 수주내 나타나는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 출생 후 5일 이내에 실시한 뇌초음파 소견상 이미 낭성병변을 동반한 뇌실내 출혈을 지닌 환아들을 태아기 뇌실내 출혈을 보인 환아로 가정하고 이들의 특징적인 임상소견과 신경학적 예후 및 산전 위험인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 대상군으로는 1999년 1월부터 2003년 6월까지 3년 6개월간 본원 신생아 집중치료실에 입원한 환아 중 생후 5일 이내에 실시한 뇌초음파 검사상 낭성병변을 동반한 뇌실내 출혈을 지닌 환아와 대조군으로는 같은 기간 중 입원된 뇌실내 출혈이 없었던 환아를 대상으로 이들의 의무기록과 산모의 의무기록을 후향적 조사하였다. 결 과 : 연구 기간동안 뇌초음파를 실시한 총 1,024명의 환아 중에 309명이 뇌실내 출혈을 보였고, 이중 첫 뇌초음파상 낭성병변을 동반한 뇌실내 출혈을 보여 태아기 뇌실내 출혈의 조건을 만족하는 환아는 49명이었다. 이들 환아들의 출생체중은 대부분 1,501 g 이상이었고, 재태연령 역시 34주 이상이었으며, III등급 뇌실내 출혈을 동반한 1명을 제외한 48명의 환아가 I등급의 뇌실내 출혈과 동반한 낭성병변을 보였다. 2명(4.4%)만이 이후 실시한 뇌초음파 검사상 낭성병변의 크기가 증가하였고, 11명(24.4%)은 평균 34일만에 사라졌다. 태아기 뇌실내 출혈과 연관된 산전 인자로는 산모의 나이가 적을수록, 초산일수록, 산전스테로이드를 투여 받지 못하였을 때 의미있게 태아기 뇌실내출혈이 증가하였고, 신생아 인자로는 신생아 호흡곤란 증후군과 동반한 경우 유의하게 증가하였다. 여러 인자들에 대한 다변수로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 신생아 호흡곤란 증후군을 보인 경우와 태반 조직검사상 경색소견을 보인 경우가 의의가 있었으며 생후 18개월경까지의 신경발달학적 예후에 있어서는 두 군간 별다른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 미숙아의 태아기 뇌실내 출혈의 빈도는 15.9%로서 전체 뇌실내 출혈 중 많은 부분을 차지하고 있었으나 대부분 I등급의 경미한 출혈로서 짧은 기간동안의 추적관찰상 신경발달학적 예후에 영향을 미치는 중요한 인자는 아니라고 사료된다.

Purpose : To determine incidence, characteristics and risk factors associated with intrauterine intraventricular hemorrhage(IU-IVH) among premature infants. Methods : The medical records of infants with intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Asan Medical Center from January 1999 to June 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. Infants whose IVH with cystic change were detected within five days of life were defined as the IU-IVH group. The control group included those without any IVH. Various maternal and neonatal factors were evaluated between the IU-IVH and control groups, and risk factors for IU-IVH were identified using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results : The incidence of IU-IVH was 49/1024(15.9%). Mothers who are younger, primiparous, use less antenatal steroid, and neonates with greater incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, had higher incidences of IU-IVH compared to neonates with normal neurosonography. Risk factors associated with IU-IVH included neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and placenta infarct by placenta biopsy. Most infants with IU-IVH were ${\geq}1,501g$, ${\geq}34$ weeks gestational age and had low grade IVH. The size of the cysts associated with IU-IVH remained the same or disappeared in 96 %. IU-IVH does not seem to affect short-term neurodevelopmental outcome although a longer period of follow-up is needed. Conculusion : IU-IVH occurred mostly in ${\geq}1,501g$, ${\geq}34$ weeks infants with grade I IVH without developmental delays. However, the high incidence of total IVH merits more attention in terms of awareness of its existence as an unusual IVH among premature infants.

키워드

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