2003년 겨울철 소아의 바이러스성 하기도 감염증에 대한 원인 및 바이러스별 임상양상

Etiology and Clinical Features of Viral Lower-respiratory Tract Infections in Children in Winter, 2003

  • 윤병호 (성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성제일병원 소아과) ;
  • 이희철 (성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성제일병원 소아과) ;
  • 천정미 (성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성제일병원 소아과) ;
  • 윤소영 (성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성제일병원 소아과) ;
  • 이우길 (성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성제일병원 소아과) ;
  • 신손문 (성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성제일병원 소아과)
  • Yun, Byung Ho (Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Cheil Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Hee Chul (Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Cheil Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Chun, Jung Mi (Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Cheil Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Yoon, So Young (Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Cheil Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Woo Gill (Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Cheil Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Shin, Son Moon (Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Cheil Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine)
  • 투고 : 2005.02.21
  • 심사 : 2005.04.08
  • 발행 : 2005.07.15

초록

목 적 : 바이러스성 호흡기 감염이 유행하는 2003년 겨울철 소아의 하기도 감염증의 원인 바이러스를 규명하고, 그 임상 양상을 분석하여 환아의 진단, 경과 예측 및 치료에 도움이 되고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2003년 10월부터 2004년 3월까지 크룹, 기관기관지염, 세기관지염, 폐렴 등의 급성 하기도 감염증으로 삼성제일병원 소아과에 입원한 253례를 대상으로 비인두 흡입물을 채취하여 간접 면역 형광검사에 의해 바이러스가 확진된 92례를 대상으로 임상증상, 진찰소견, 방사선 소견, 혈액검사 소견을 의무기록을 중심으로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1) 호흡기 바이러스 검사를 실시한 253례 중 92례에서 호흡기 바이러스를 검출하여 검출률 36.4%이었고, 이중 RSV가 76.0%로 가장 많았고, ADV가 12.0%, INFA가 9.8%, INFB와 PIV가 각각 1.1%였다. 이중 혼합 감염은 없었다. 2) 대상 환아의 남녀비는 1.4 : 1이었고, 연령의 분포는 20일된 신생아에서 8.3세까지 분포하였으며, 평균 연령은 13.7개월로 84.8%가 2세 미만이었다. 2세 미만에서 많았던 원인 바이러스는 RSV였다. 3) 임상진단은 폐렴이 56.5%로 가장 많았고, 세기관지염이 35.8%, 크룹이 3.3%, 기관기관지염이 4.3%였다. RSV, INFA가 폐렴의 주된 원인 바이러스였고, RSV는 세기관지염의 주된 원인 바이러스였다. 4) 임상증상 및 징후로는 기침(98.8%), 비루(82.6%), 발열(70.7%), 객담(33.7%), 설사(21.7%), 구토(10.9%), 수포음(67.4%), 흉곽함몰(28.3%), 천명(29.3%), 청색증(4.3%) 등이 있었다. 대상환아의 17.4%에서 $38.5^{\circ}C$ 이상의 고열을 보였고, 23.9%에서 발열이 5일 이상 지속되었다. INFA와 ADV의 발열 양상은 $38.5^{\circ}C$의 고열이 5일 이상 지속되는 경향을 보였다. 청색증은 RSV에서 유일하게 관찰되었다. 5) 백혈구수 이상을 보인 경우는 22.8%였고, 백혈구수의 감소($<5{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$)를 보인 경우는 8.7%였으며, 원인 바이러스로는 ADV가 가장 많았다. 백혈구수의 증가($>14{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$)를 보인 경우는 14.1%였고, 원인 바이러스로는 INFA가 가장 많았다. CRP가 4.0 mg/dL 이상으로 증가된 경우는 13.0%로 원인 바이러스로는 ADV가 많았다. 간효소치의 증가는 10.9%에서 있었고, 원인 바이러스는 RSV가 많았다. 결 론 : 2003년 겨울철 바이러스성 하기도 감염증의 주된 원인 바이러스는 RSV, ADV, INF A/B, PIV였으며, 각각의 바이러스가 보이는 임상 양상은 지속적인 발열, 청색증, 증가된 염증반응 소견, 간기능 이상 등으로 다양하였고, 또한 임상 진단에도 바이러스간에 차이가 있었다. 이러한 바이러스성 하기도 감염증의 원인에 따른 임상 양상의 차이를 인식하고, 이에 대한 관찰이 환아의 경과 예측, 진단 및 치료에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

Purpose : This study was performed to characterize the etiology and clinical features of acute viral lower-respiratory tract infections(LRI). Methods : Etiologic agents and clinical features of acute viral LRI were studied from October. 2003 through March. 2004 in hospitalized children with LRI(253 cases) at Samsung Cheil Hospital. The viruses were identified by indirect immunofluorescent method. Medical records of patients with proven viral LRI were reviewed retrospectively. Results : Ninety two cases(36.4%) were confirmed as viral infections. The identified pathogens were respiratory syncytial virus(RSV, 76.0%), adenovirus(ADV, 12.0%), influenza virus type A(INFA, 9.8 %), influenza virus type B(INFB, 1.1%) and parainfluenza virus(PIV, 1.1%). Eight four point eight% of patients were younger than 2 years of age. Clinical diagnosis of LRI were pneumonia(56.5%), bronchiolitis(35.9%), tracheobronchitis(4.3%) and croup(3.3%). The clinical symptoms and signs were cough(98.8%), rhinorrhea(82.6%), fever(70.7%), rale(67.4%), wheezing(29.3%), chest retraction(28.3%) and cyanosis(4.3%). The severe respiratory symptoms and signs were more common in RSV-infected patients, even cyanosis could be observed. Seventeen point four percent of patient had fever of $38.5^{\circ}C$ or higher and their most common etiologic agent was INFA(66.7%). Twenty three point nine percent had fever more than 5 days and common etiologic agent was INFA(77.8%). The elevated WBC count($>14{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$) was in 14.1%, and common etiologic agents were INFA(22.2%) and ADV(18.2%). C-reactive protein(CRP >4.0 mg/dL) was increased in 13.0%, and common in ADV(63.6 %). Increased aspartate aminotransferase(AST)/alanine aminotransferase(ALT) was detected in 10.9%, and the most common etiologic agent was RSV(12.9%). Conclusion : The common agents of acute viral LRI were RSV, ADV and INF, respectively. Because the etiologic agents present variable clinical features, it may be helpful to treat and to evaluate acute viral LRI that we should understand their etiologic variability.

키워드

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