Acknowledgement
Supported by : Dankook University
References
- Arlt, A., Vorndamm, J., Breitenroich, M., Folsh, U. R., Kalthoff, H., et al. (2001) Inhibition of NF-kappaB sensitizes human pancreatic carcinoma cells to apoptosis induced by etoposide (VP16) or doxorubicin. Oncogene 20, 859-868 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1204168
- Arlt, A., Gehrz, A., Muerkoster, S., Vorndamm, J., Kruse, M. L., et al. (2003) Role of NF-kappaB and Akt/PI3K in the resistance of pancreatic carcinoma cell lines against gemcitabineinduced cell death. Oncogene 22, 3243-3251 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1206390
- Ashburner, B. P., Westerheide, S. D., and Baldwin, A. S. (2001) The p65 (RelA) subunit of NF-kappa B interacts with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) corepressors HDAC1 and HDAC2 to negatively regulate gene expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21, 7065-7077 https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.21.20.7065-7077.2001
- Beg, A. A., Sha, W. C., Bronson, R. T., Ghosh, S., and Baltimore, D. (1995) Constitutive NF-kappaB activation, enhanced granulopoiesis, and neonatal lethality in I kappa B alpha-deficient mice. Genes Dev. 9, 2736-2746 https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.9.22.2736
-
Chang, J. H., Ryang, Y. S., Morio, T., Lee, S. K., and Chang, E. J. (2004) Trichomonas vaginalis inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production in macrophages by suppressing NF-
${\kappa}B$ activation, Mol. Cells 18, 177-185 - Chen, L. F., Fischle, W., Verdin, E., and Greene, W. C. (2001) Duration of nuclear NF-kappaB action regulated by reversible acetylation. Science 293, 1653-1657 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1062374
- Chen, L. F., Mu, Y., and Greene, W. C. (2002) Acetylation of RelA at discrete sites regulates distinct nuclear functions of NF-kappaB. EMBO J. 21, 6539-6548 https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/cdf660
-
Choi, Y. S. and Jeong, S. (2004) New paradigm for the NF-
${\kappa}B$ transcriptional regulation. J. Nano. Bio. Tech. 1, 21-27 - Ghosh, S. (1999) Regulation of inducible gene expression by the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Immunol. Res. 19, 183-189 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02786486
- Ghosh, S., May, M. J., and Kopp, E. B. (1998) NF-kappa B and Rel proteins: evolutionarily conserved mediators of immune responses. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 16, 225-260 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.225
- Ibuki, Y. and Goto, R. (2000) Suppression of apoptosis by UVB irradiation: survival signaling via PI3-kinase/Akt pathway. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 279, 872-878 https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2000.4018
-
Karin, A., Cao, Y., Greten, F. R., and Li, Z.-W. (2002) NF-
${\kappa}B$ in cancer: from innocent bystander to major culprit. Nat. Rev. 2, 301-310 https://doi.org/10.1038/nri807 - Kim, D. and Chung, J. (2002) Akt: versatile mediator of cell survival and beyond. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 35, 106-115 https://doi.org/10.5483/BMBRep.2002.35.1.106
- Lim, M. A., Kikani, C. K., Wick, M. J., and Dong, L. Q. (2003) Nuclear translocation of 3′-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK-1): a potential regulatory mechanism for PDK- 1 function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 14006-14011
- Madrid, L. V., Wang, C. Y., Guttridge, D. C., Schottelius, A. J., Baldwin, A. S., et al. (2000) Akt suppresses apoptosis by stimulating the transactivation potential of the RelA/p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 1626-1638 https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.20.5.1626-1638.2000
- Madrid, L. V., Mayo, M. W., Reuther, J. Y., and Baldwin, A. S. (2001) Akt stimulates the transactivation potential of the RelA/p65 Subunit of NF-kappa B through utilization of the Ikappa B kinase and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 18934-18940 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M101103200
- Mayo, M. W., Madrid, L. V., Westerheide, S. D., Jones, D. R., Yuan, X. J., et al. (2002) PTEN blocks tumor necrosis factorinduced NF-kappa B-dependent transcription by inhibiting the transactivation potential of the p65 subunit. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 11116-11125 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M108670200
- Mayo, M. W., Denliger, C. E., Broad, R. M., Yeung, F., Reilly, E.T., et al. (2003) Ineffectiveness of histone deacetylase inhibitors to induce apoptosis involves the transcriptional activation of NF-kappa B through the Akt pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 18980-18989 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M211695200
- Mitchell, T. and Sugden, B. (1995) Stimulation of NF-kappa Bmediated transcription by mutant derivatives of the latent membrane protein of Epstein-Barr virus. J. Virol. 69, 2968-2976
- Okazaki, T., Sakon, S., Sasazuki, T., Sakurai, H., Doi, T., et al. (2003) Phosphorylation of serine 276 is essential for p65 NFkappaB subunit-dependent cellular responses. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 300, 807-812 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02932-7
- Osaki, M., Oshimura, M., and Ito, H. (2004) PI3K-Akt pathway: its function and alterations in human cancer. Apoptosis 9, 667-676 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:APPT.0000045801.15585.dd
- Ozes, O. N., Mayo, L. D., Gustin, J. A., Pfeffer, S. R., Pfeffer, L. M., et al. (1999) NF-kappaB activation by tumour necrosis factor requires the Akt serine-threonine kinase. Nature 401, 82-85 https://doi.org/10.1038/43466
-
Reddy, S. A., Huang, J. H., and Liao, W. S. (2000) Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase as a mediator of TNF-induced NF-
${\kappa}B$ activation. J. Immunol. 164, 1355-1363 - Romashkova, J. and Makarov, S. S. (1999) NF-kappaB is a target of AKT in anti-apoptotic PDGF signaling. Nature 401, 86-89 https://doi.org/10.1038/43474
-
Sakurai, H., Chiba, H., Miyoshi, H., Sugita, T., and Toriumi, W. (1999)
$I{\kappa}B$ kinases phosphorylate NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 subunit on serine 536 in the transactivation domain. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 30353-30356 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.43.30353 - Scheid, M. P. and Woodgett, J. R. (2003) Unravelling the activation mechanism of protein kinase B/Akt. FEBS Lett. 546, 108-112 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00562-3
- Schmitz, M., Mattioli, I., Buss, H., and Kracht, M. (2004) NF-B: a multifaceted transcription factor regulated at several levels. ChemBioChem. 5, 1348-1358 https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.200400144
-
Shishodia, S. and Aggarwal, B. B. (2004) Nuclear factor-
${\kappa}B$ : a friend or a foe in cancer? Biochem. Pharmacol. 68, 1071-1080 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2004.04.026 - Sizemore, N., Leung, S., and Stark, G. R. (1999) Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in response to Interleukin-1 leads to phosphorylation and activation of the NF-kappaB p65/RelA subunit. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 4798-4805
- Torker, A. (2000) Protein kinases as mediators of phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling. Mol. Pharmacol. 57, 652-658
- Toker, A. and Newton, A. (2000) Cellular signaling: pivotaling around PDK-1. Cell 103, 185-188 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00110-0
-
Wang, D., Westerheide, S. D., Hanson, J. L., and Baldwin, A. S. (2000) Tumor Necrosis Factor
${\alpha}$ -induced phosphorylation of RelA/p65 on$Ser^{529}$ is controlled by casein kinase II. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 32592-32597 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M001358200 - Watanabe, K., Kubota, M., Hamahata, K., Lin, Y. W., and Usami, I. (2002) Prevention of etoposide-induced apoptosis by proteasome inhibitors in a human leukemic cell line but not in fresh acute leukemia blasts. A differential role of NF-kappaB activation. Biochem. Pharmacol. 60, 823-830
- Zhong, H., Voll, R. E., and Ghosh, S. (1998) Phosphorylation of NF-kappa B p65 by PKA stimulates transcriptional activity by promoting a novel bivalent interaction with the coactivator CBP/p300. Mol. Cell 1, 661-671 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80066-0
- Zhong, H., May, M. J., Jimi, E., and Ghosh, S. (2002) The phosphorylation status of nuclear NF-kappa B determines its association with CBP/p300 or HDAC-1. Mol. Cell 9, 625-636 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00477-X