최근 6년간(1998-2003) 소아 Mycoplasma 폐렴의 임상 양상

Clinical Findings of Mycoplasma Pneumonia in Children, from 1998 to 2003

  • 김지현 (중앙대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 채수안 (중앙대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 이동근 (중앙대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실)
  • Kim, Ji-Hyun (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chung Ang University) ;
  • Chae, Soo Ahn (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chung Ang University) ;
  • Lee, Dong-Keun (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chung Ang University)
  • 투고 : 2005.03.21
  • 심사 : 2005.06.13
  • 발행 : 2005.09.15

초록

목 적 : 소아기 지역 사회 획득 폐렴의 주요 원인인 Mycoplasma pneumoniae 폐렴의 최근 임상 양상의 변화를 알아 소아 폐렴 환아의 치료에 도움을 받고자 하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 1998년 1월부터 2003년 12월까지 6년 동안 중앙대학교 필동병원 소아과에 입원하여 Mycoplasma 항체치가 1 : 160 이거나, 혹은 추적검사상 4배 이상 증가했던 0-15세 사이의 393 명을 대상으로 하여 이들의 의무 기록을 후향적으로 분석하고 이전의 연구 결과와 비교하였다. 결 과 : 1) 남녀비는 1.06 : 1이었고, 평균연령은 $4.32{\pm}2.94$세였다. 2-3세가 18.6%로 가장 많았으며, 2세 미만에서도 14.7%나 발생했다. 2003년에 가장 많았고, 2000년에 10, 11월, 2002년에 4월, 2003년에는 10, 12월에 많았다. 2) 26.7%에서 알레르기 질환의 과거력이 있었으며 10.7% 환아의 2촌 범위 내에서 알레르기 질환이 있었다. 43.3%가 이전에 폐렴으로 입원하였고, 23.9%에서는 폐렴을 2번 이상 앓았었다. 알레르기 검사를 시행한 환아의 65.7%가 양성이고, 가장 흔한 원인은 집먼지진드기였다. 12.2%에서는 mycoplasma 폐렴이 천식의 유발 혹은 악화인자로 작용했다. 3) 호흡기 증상은 기침, 객담, 순이었고, 폐외증상은 복통, 구토 순이었다. 악설음이 85.4%에서 들렸고, 천명이 18.3%에서 들렸으며, 32.3%에서 청진 소견이 방사선과 일치하였다. 4) 2.5%에서 무기폐, 1.8%에서 흉막삼출이 동반되었다. 기관지 폐렴, 간질성 폐렴, 엽상 음영 순이었고, 우측에 더 많았다. 5) 한랭응집소치와 Mycoplasma 항체치 사이에 유의한 상관성은 없었다. 결 론 : Mycoplasma pneumoniae 폐렴의 호발 연령이 이전 연구결과 보다도 낮아진 것을 알 수 있고, 따라서 학동기 이전의 폐렴 환아들에서 특히 영유아에서도 이에 대한 감별진단을 하는 것이 치료에 도움이 될 것으로 보인다. 또한 천명 동반율이 높아지고, 다른 알레르기 질환의 과거력과 가족력이 있는 경우와, 재발성 폐렴과 연관된 경우가 많았다.

Purpose : We performed a study of clinical findings of Mycoplasma Pneumonia in children, to know differences between recent clinical manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumonia and previous studies. Methods : The subjects of this study were 393 children who were diagnosed as Mycoplasma pneumonia with high titers of Mycoplasma antibody(${\geq}1$ : 160) or fourfold rises of Mycoplasma antibody at Chung Ang University Hospital from January 1998 to December 2003. We practiced a retrospective study on the clinical manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumonia based on their medical records. Results : Male to female ratio was 1.06 to 1 and mean age was $4.32{\pm}2.94years$. The highest incidence was in the age of 2 to 3 years(18.6 percent). Most frequent months were October, and November in 2000, April in 2002, and October and, December in 2003. Twenty six point seven percent showed allergic diseases. Second degree relatives of 10.7 percent patients had allergic diseases. Forty three point three percent were admitted before this admission for pneumonia. Allergic tests were positive in 65.7 percent. Cough, and sputum were the most common symptoms and abdominal pain, and vomiting were the most frequent extrapulmonary symptoms. Atelectasis and pleural effusion were seen in 2.5 percent and 1.8 percent. Infiltrations were more common on the right side. Titers of each simultaneous test for cold agglutinin and mycoplasma antibody were not in proportion to each other (P=0.163). Conclusion : The onset age of mycoplasma pneumonia was found to be lower than it used to be. More patients had a past medical history or a family history of allergic disease, and more wheezing was heard and associated with recurrent pneumonia.

키워드

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