Clinical Characteristics of Neonatal Status Epilepticus

신생아 간질 중첩증의 임상 특성

  • Jung, Kyeong Hun (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Inha University) ;
  • Kim, Yun Hee (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Inha University) ;
  • Kwon, Young Se (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Inha University) ;
  • Jun, Yong Hoon (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Inha University) ;
  • Kim, Soon Ki (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Inha University) ;
  • Son, Byong Kwan (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Inha University)
  • 정경훈 (인하대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 김윤희 (인하대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 권영세 (인하대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 전용훈 (인하대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 김순기 (인하대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 손병관 (인하대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실)
  • Received : 2005.07.06
  • Accepted : 2005.09.01
  • Published : 2005.12.15

Abstract

Purpose : Among perinatal risk factors, neonatal seizures are one of the strongest independent discriminators of adverse outcome, representing high risks of mortality and neurologic morbidity. This study was undertaken to evaluate the neurologic outcome of neonatal status epilepticus according to underlying etiology, seizure pattern, onset time, and duration. Methods : We reviewed retrospectively 36 neonates(19 males, 17 females) with status epilepticus who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, Inha Hospital between July, 1988 and June, 2003. They were evaluated with neurologic examination, laboratory data, EEG findings, and neuroimaging studies etc. Results : The mean gestational period of the patients was $37.0{\pm}3.6$ weeks and birth weight was $2.70{\pm}0.82$ kilogram. Fifty two point eight percent of the neonates were male and 66.7 percent were born at term. The most common cause of neonatal status epilepticus was hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. In preterm babies, intracranial hemorrhages showed an especially high frequency(P=0.034). Gestational age and birth weight did not show a correlation with neurologic complications. The incidence of neurological sequelae were significantly related to prolonged seizures lasting more than 1 hour(P=0.002). Neonates with seizures within the first 72 hours tended to be more frequent among those who developed adverse outcomes(P=0.016). Generalized tonic seizures had the worst prognosis, whereas those children who had subtle seizures had better outcomes than any other type(P<0.05). Generalized tonic seizures were primarily represented on EEG by abnormal background, whereas subtle seizure showed a significantly more normal EEG than any other seizures(P<0.05). Conclusion : Our results indicate that neonatal status epilepticus with early onsets, prolonged durations. And generalized tonic types can predict an increased risk for neurologic sequelae. So, those seizures must be perceived as medical emergencies and treated aggressively with antiepileptic drugs.

목 적 : 신생아의 가장 흔한 신경학적 증상은 경련이다. 뇌는 아직 미숙한 상태로 이 시기의 경련은 경련 자체로도 높은 사망률을 보이고 심각하고 영구적인 후유증을 초래할 수 있기 때문에 경련을 조기에 진단하고 원인을 찾아내고 적절한 치료를 조속히 시행하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 신생아 경련은 소아나 성인의 경련과 여러 가지 차이점이 있는데, 특히 지속성 신생아 경련에서의 원인, 형태, 예후 등에 대하여 알아보고자 한다. 방 법 : 1998년 7월부터 2003년 6월까지 인하대학교병원 신생아집중치료실에 입원한 신생아 중 지속성 경련을 보인 36명을 대상으로, 경련이 발생한 시기, 원인, 경련형태, 지속시간, 뇌파, 예후를 기록지를 통하여 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결 과 : 대상환아의 남녀비는 1.1 : 1이었고, 재태기간은 $37.0{\pm}3.6$주, 체중 $2.70{\pm}0.82kg$, 경련은 생후 2일(평균 중앙값)에 발생하였다. 원인질환은 미숙아에서는 저산소성 허혈성 뇌증(50.0%), 뇌출혈(33.3%), 만삭아에서는 특발성(37.5%), 저산소성 허혈성 뇌증(29.2%) 순이었다. 뇌출혈은 미숙아에서 의미있게 높았다(P=0.034). 경련의 형태는 비정형적, 전신 강직, 다소성 근간대성 순으로 많았다. 전신 강직 형태일수록 사망 및 신경학적 후유증이 많았고(P<0.05), 비정형적 경련은 정상이 많았다(P<0.05). 경련의 발생시기는 생후 1일에 25.0%(9례)였으며 생후 2일 이내에 52.7%(19례), 생후 7일 이내에 80.5%(29례)에서 발생하였다. 미숙아와 만삭아 모두 생후 3일 이후에 발생한 경우 예후가 좋았다(P=0.016). 경련의 지속시간은 30분-1시간이 19례(52.8%)로 가장 많았지만, 지속시간이 1시간 이상일수록 신경학적인 후유증이 많이 발생하였다(P=0.002). 출생체중이 1,000 g 이하에서는 전부 사망하였지만, 체중 및 재태기간은 예후와 관련성이 적었다. 뇌파에서 전신성 강직 발작은 주로 심한 배경파 억제나 전기적 경련으로, 비정형적 경련은 주로 정상소견을 보였다(P<0.05). 결 론 : 지속성 신생아 경련에서 재태기간과 체중은 예후와 관련성이 적었지만, 경련발생시기가 빠를수록, 경련 지속시간이 길수록, 전신성 강직 형태의 경련일수록 나쁜 예후를 보였다.

Keywords

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