References
- Alvarez, F. J., G. Saucedo, A. Arriaga and T. R. Preston. 1980. Effect on milk production and calf performance of milking cross bred European/Cebu cattle in the absence or presence of the calf, and of rearing their calves artificially. Trop. Anim. Prod. 5:25-37.
- Basurto, C. H., D. M. A. Alonso and G. H. Gonzalez. 1999. Eficiencia reproductiva de vacas cebu en amamantamiento restringido tratadas con norgestomet y PMSG en empadre estacional en el tropico humedo. Memorias del 1999 XXIII Congreso Nacional de Buiatria, Asociacion Mexicana de Medico Veterinarios Especialistas en Bovinos A. C., Aguascalientes, Mexico, p. 139.
- Das, S. M., H. Wiktorsson and M. Forsberg. 1999. Effects on calf management and level of feed supplementation on milk yield and calf growth of Zebu and crossbred cattle in the semi-arid tropics. Livest. Prod. Sci. 59:67-75.
- Gill, L. J. 1978. Design and Analysis of Experiments in the Animal and Medical Sciences. State University Press, Ames, Iowa.
- Hoffman, D. P., J. S. Stevenson and J. E. Minton. 1996. Restricting calf presence without suckling compared with weaning prolongs postpartum anovulation in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 74:190-198.
- Hopster, H., J. M. O`Connell and H. J. Blokhuis. 1995. Acute effects of cow-calf separation on heart rate, plasma cortisol and behaviour in multiparous dairy cows. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 44:1-8.
- Hudson, S., M. Mullford, W. G. Whittlestone and E. Payne. 1975. Bovine plasma corticoids during parturition. J. Dairy Sci. 59:744-746.
-
Jephcott, E. H., J. C. McMillen, J. Rushen, A. Hargreaves and G. D. Thurburn. 1986. Effect of electro-immobilization on ovine plasma concentration of
$\beta$ -endorphin/$\beta$ -lipotrophin, cortisol and prolactin. Res. Vet. Sci. 41:371-377. - Johansson, B. 2003. Effect of milking and feeding routines on milk production, hormone release and behaviour in dairy cattle. Ph. D. Thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Kent, J. E., V. Molony and I. S. Robertson. 1993. Changes in plasma cortisol concentration in lambs of three ages after three methods of castration and tail docking. Res. Vet. Sci. 55:246-251.
- Knowles, R. T. and M. D. Edwards. 1983. A comparison of the effects of restricted suckling and artificial calf rearing systems on dam and calf performance. Malaysian Agric. J. 54:1-9.
- Krohn, C. C. 1999. A review: consequences of different suckling systems in high producing dairy cows. Proceedings of the 1999 International Symposium in Suckling, Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 43-47.
- Lay, Jr. D. C., T. H. Friend, R. D. Randel, C. L. Bowers, K. K. Grissom, A. D. Neuendorff and O. C. Jenkins. 1998. Effects of restricted nursing on physiological and behavioral reactions of Brahman calves to subsequent restraint and weaning. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 56:109-119.
- Lefcourt, A. M. and W. R. Adams. 1998. Radiotelemetric measurement of body temperature in feedlot steers during winter. J. Anim. Sci. 76:1830-1837.
- Lefcourt, A. M., J. Bitman, S. Kahl and D. L. Wood. 1993. Circadian and ultradian rhythms of peripheral cortisol concentrations in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 76:2607-2612.
- Lefcourt, A. M. and T. H. Elsasser. 1995. Adrenal responses of Angus X Hereford cattle to the stress of weaning. J. Anim. Sci. 73:2669-2676.
- Lefcourt, A. M., J. B. Huntington, R. M. Aders, D. L. Wood and J. Bitman. 1999. Circadian and ultradian rhythms of body temperature and peripheral concentrations of insulin and nitrogen in lactating dairy cows. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 16:41-55.
- McSweeny, C. S., P. M. Kennedy, M. J. D’Ochio, L. A. Fitzpatrick, D. Reid and K. W. Entwistle. 1993. Reducing post-partum anoestrus interval in first-calf Bos indicus crossbred beef heifers. Part II. Responses to weaning and supplementation. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 44:1079-1093.
- Mellor, D. J. and L. Murray. 1989. Changes in the cortisol responses of lambs to tail docking, castration and ACTH injection during the first seven days after birth. Res. Vet. Sci. 46:392-395.
- Mellor, D. J., C. J. Cook and K. J. Stafford. 2000. Quantifying some responses to pain as a stressor. In: The Biology of Animal Stress. Basic principles and implications for animal welfare. (Ed. G. P. Moberg and J. A. Mench). CABI Publishing, London, UK, pp. 171-198.
- Moberg, G. P. 2000. Biological response to stress: Implication for animal welfare. In: The Biology of Animal Stress. Basic principles and implications for animal welfare. (Ed. G. P. Moberg and J. A. Mench). CABI Publishing, London, UK, pp. 1-22.
- Price, E. O., J. E. Harris, R. E. Borgward, M. L. Sween and J. M. Connor. 2003. Fenceline contact of beef calves with their dams at weaning reduces the negative effects of separation on behavior and growth rate. J. Anim. Sci. 81:116-121.
- Quesada, Y., S. Estrada, M. Cubero, F. García, C. S. Galina, R. Molina and A. Orihuela. 1981. A note on the effects of calf stimuli on the response of Zebu cows to Synchro-mate-B. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 71:183-189.
- Reinhardt, V. and A. Reinhardt. 1981. Natural suckling performance and age of weaning in zebu cattle (Bos indicus). J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 96:309-312.
- Short, R. E., R. A. Bellows, R. B. Staigmiller, J. G. Berardineli and E. E. Custer. 1990. Physiological mechanism controlling anestrus and infertility in post-partum beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 68:799-803.
- Siegel, S. and N. J. Castellan. 1988. Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd Ed. Mc Graw-Hill, New York.
- Stookey, J. M., K. S. Schwartzkopf-Fenswein, C. S. Waltz and J. M. Watts. 1997. Effects of remote and contact weaning on behaviour and weight gain of beef calves. J. Anim. Sci. 75(Supp. 1):157(Abstr.).
- Ugarte, J. and T. R. Preston. 1972. Rearing dairy calves by restricted suckling: 1. Effect of suckling once or twice daily on milk production and calf growth. Cuban J. Agric. Sci. 6:173-182.
- Uvnas-Moberg, K., B. Johansson, B. Lupoli and K. Svennersten-Sjaunja. 2001. Oxytocin facilitates behavioural, metabolic and physiological adaptations during lactation. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 72:225-234.
- Williams, G. L. 1990. Suckling as a regulator of post-partum rebreeding in cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 68:831-852. https://doi.org/10.2527/1990.683831x
Cited by
- Animal welfare and sustainable animal production vol.7, pp.02, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1017/S2040470016000157
- Effects of Separation of Cows and Calves on Reproductive Performance and Animal Welfare in Tropical Beef Cattle vol.9, pp.5, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9050223
- Review: Management of livestock behavior to improve welfare and production vol.15, pp.suppl1, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2021.100290