토양 특성이 CCA 처리재로부터 방부제 성분의 용탈에 미치는 영향

Effect of Soil Properties on Leaching of Preservative Components from CCA-treated Wood

  • 투고 : 2005.06.28
  • 심사 : 2005.09.22
  • 발행 : 2005.11.25

초록

본 연구는 지접부용 처리목재의 지하부에서 발생하는 방부제 유효성분의 용탈에 관한 연구로 토양의 물리 및 화학적 특성이 방부제 유효성분의 용탈에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 수행하였다. CCA 처리 라디에타소나무 시편을 국내의 대표적인 네 가지 토양(미사질양토, 양토, 사질양토, 사토)에 매립하여 12주간의 용탈기간 동안 토양이 항상 물로 포화된 상태가 유지되도록 토양 용탈시험을 실시하였으며, 토양 용탈시험 결과와 비교할 목적으로 물 용탈시험을 병행하여 실시하였다. 토양 종류에 따른 처리목채로부터 방부제 유효성분의 용탈을 차이가 관찰되었으나 토양 용탈은 물 용탈보다 유효성분의 용탈율이 낮았다. CCA 처리목재로부터 크롬, 구리, 비소 용탈율은 각각 사질양토, 양토, 사토에서 가장 높았으며, 모든 유효성분의 용탈율이 미사질양토에서 가장 낮았다. 토양의 물리 및 화학적 특성과 용탈율 간의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 방부제 유효성분의 용탈율이 토양 특성에 의해 매우 상이하게 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. CCA 처리목재로부터 구리 용탈은 토양내 치환성 마그네슘 및 염기총량의 영향을 받았다. CCA 처리목재로부터 크롬 용탈은 토양내 치환성 마그네슘($Mg^{2+}$) 함량의 영향을 받았으며, 비소 용탈은 토양내 치환성 칼륨($K^+$), 중금속인 니켈(Ni), 망간(Mn), 철(Fe), 크롬(Cr), 구리(Cu) 함량의 영향을 받았다. 본 연구 결과와 기존 연구 결과들 간에, 그리고 기존 연구결과들 간에도 토양 특성과 방부제 유효성분 용탈율 간의 관계가 서로 상이하게 보고되고 있다. 따라서 앞으로 이에 대한 보다 심도 있는 연구가 필요하리라 판단된다. 또한 실험실 규모의 용탈시험을 통해 얻은 본 연구의 결과를 입증하기 위해서 수분 조건과 토양 미생물의 종류와 분포가 상이한 실제 야외 지접부 환경에서의 연구가 반드시 필요하다.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of soil types and soil properties on wood preservative leaching. Radiata pine (Pinus radiata Don.) sapwood stakes, which had been treated with 2.0%(w/v) CCA, were leached for 12 weeks by a common laboratory method in four different soils and for 14 days by the AWPA standard leaching method in water. The physical and chemical properties of the four soils were determined, and the percent leaching of the individual component of CCA was correlated with the various soil properties. The data show that leaching of preservative chemicals from treated wood exposed to soil is influenced by the type of soil. The preservative leaching was greater when wood was exposed to water than when the wood was in contact with water-saturated soil. The greatest chromium, copper and arsenic leaching from CCA-treated stakes were observed in the sandy loam, loam, and sand, respectively, and the least amount of leaching of CCA components occurred in the silty loam. The leaching of preservative components from treated wood is extremely complex and appears to be influenced differently by the soil properties. The extent of copper leaching from CCA treated wood appears to be related to exchangeable Mg and sum of bases. There is a reasonably good relationship between chromium leaching and exchangeable Mg, and between arsenic leaching and exchangeable K, soil Ni, Mn, Fe, Cr, or Cu content. Since this study was conducted based on laboratory leaching method using small cross-sectional dimensions; thus, data obtained from this experiment should not be used to predict leaching characteristics from commercial-size wood used in real situation. Accordingly, further studies are necessary using outdoor ground-contact leaching.

키워드

참고문헌

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