ETRI Journal

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (한국전자통신연구원)
권호 표지

Audio Watermarking through Modification of Tonal Maskers

  • Lee, Hee-Suk (Department of Computer Engineering, Changwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Woo-Sun (Department of Computer Engineering, Changwon National University)
  • Received : 2005.02.23
  • Published : 2005.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Watermarking has become a technology of choice for a broad range of multimedia copyright protection applications. This paper proposes an audio watermarking scheme that uses the modified tonal masker as an embedding carrier for imperceptible and robust audio watermarking. The method of embedding is to select one of the tonal maskers using a secret key, and to then modify the frequency signals that consist of the tonal masker without changing the sound pressure level. The modified tonal masker can be found using the same secret key without the original sound, and the embedded information can be extracted. The results show that the frequency signals are stable enough to keep embedded watermarks against various common signal processing types, while at the same time the proposed scheme has a robust performance.

Keywords

References

  1. IBM Systems J. v.35 Techniques for Data Hiding Bender, W.;Gruhl, D.;Morimoto, N.;Lu, A.
  2. Signal Processing v.66 Robust Audio Watermarking Using Perceptual Masking Swanson, M.D.;Zhu, B.;Tewfik, A.H.;Boney, L.
  3. Proc. ICASSP 2001 v.3 Robust Spread-Spectrum Audio Watermarking Kirovski, D.;Malvar, H.
  4. ETRI J. v.24 no.3 A Novel Audio Watermarking Algorithm for Copyright Protection of Digital Audio Seok, J.;Hong, J.;Kim, J.
  5. Proc. IEEE MWSCAS Performance Evaluation of Digital Audio Watermarking Algorithms Gordy, J.D.;Bruton, L.
  6. Proc. IEEE v.88 no.4 Perceptual Coding of Digital Audio Painter, T.;Spanias, A.
  7. ISO/IEC IS1172-3, Information TechnologyCoding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio for Digital Storage Media at up to about 1.5 Mbit/sPart 3: Audio
  8. Psychoacoustics-Facts and Models Zwicker, E.
  9. Robust Audio Watermarking Using Imperceptible Echo Embedding Technique Oh, H.
  10. ITU-R Rec. BS.116, Methods for The Subjective Assessment of Small Impairments in Audio Systems including Multichannel Sound Systems