Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
권호 표지

Differential Functions of Caffeine and Ascorbic Acid in $\gamma-Irradiated$ Male Mice

  • Published : 2005.12.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Radioprotection is of practical importance for the normal tissues of tumor patients subject to radiotherapy, people with planned or accidental exposure to radiation, and the public and radiation workers. Since oxygen enhances radiation - induced biological damage, antioxidants should be related with the function as a radioprotectors. Ascorbic acid or caffeine is an essential component and antioxidant in the diet of humans and a small range of other mammals. The present study investigates functional radioprotection of caffeine and ascorbic acid against gamma radiation in irradiated C57BL/6N mice. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were irradiated with 6.5 Gy. A caffeine treated group was administered with $80mg\;kg^{-1}$ body weight by intraperitoneal injection, a single treatment 1 hr before irradiation. Ascorbic acid was administered $330\;mg\;L^{-1}$ in drinking water through all the experimental period. According to time schedules, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. And the samples were collected 2 weeks after whole- body gamma irradiation. The caffeine treated group showed lower decrement of body and organ weights than the other experimental groups. The qualitative analysis of circulating testosterone in serum was performed by means of radioimmunoassay (RIA). The normal level of circulating testosterone was maintained by the treatment of caffeine and ascorbic acid. The change of weight of body and organ and the appearance of seminiferous tubules were improved by an effect of caffeine or ascorbic acid against irradiation. Taken together, caffeine and ascorbic acid protects impairment of spermatogenesis against gamma radiation and may act as a radio-protector.

Keywords

References

  1. Azam S, N Hadi, NU Khan and SM Hadi. 2003. Antioxidant and pro oxidant properties of caffeine, theobromine and xanthine. Med. Sci. Monit. 9:BR 325-330
  2. Chul L. 2000. Antioxidant ability of caffeine and its metabolites based on the study of oxygen radical absorbing capacity and inhibition of LDL peroxidation. Clin. Chim. Acta. 295:141-154 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-8981(00)00201-1
  3. George KC, SA Hebbar, SP Kale and PC Kesavan. 1999. Caffeine protects mice against whole-body lethal dose of gamma-irradiation. J. Radial. Prot. 19:171-176 https://doi.org/10.1088/0952-4746/19/2/306
  4. Goa KL and CM Spencer. 1995. Amifostine. A review of its pharmacodynamoc and pharmacokinetic protperties, and therapeutic potential as a radioprotector and cuytotoxic chemoprotector. Drugs. 50:1001-1031 https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199550060-00008
  5. Inano H, K Suzuki, H Ishii-Ohba, Y Imada, R Kumagai, S Kurihara and A Sato. 1989. Steroid hormone production in testis, ovary, and adrenal gland of immature rats irradiated in utero with $^{60)Co$. Radiat. Res. 117:293-303 https://doi.org/10.2307/3577330
  6. Jagetia GC, GK Rajanikant and SK Rao. 2003. Evaluation of the effect of ascorbic acid treatment on wound healing in mice exposed to different doses of fractionated gamma radiation. Radiat. Res. 159:371-380 https://doi.org/10.1667/0033-7587(2003)159[0371:EOTEOA]2.0.CO;2
  7. Jansz GF and DK Pomerantz. 1984. Fetal irradiation increases androgen production by dispersed leydig cells of the rat. J. Androl. 5:344-350 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1939-4640.1984.tb00800.x
  8. Kim JK, CJ Lee, KW Song, BR Do and YD Yoon. 1999. $\gamma$-Radiation accelerates ovarian follicular atresia in immature mice. In Vivo 13:21-24
  9. Kim JK, JH Kim and YD Yoon. 2003. Evaluation of caffeine as a radioprotector in whold-body irradiated male mice. In Vivo 17:197-200
  10. Kundson CM, KSK Tung, WG Tourtellotte, GAJ Brown and SJ Korsmeyer. 1995. Bax-deficient mice with lymphoid hyperplasia and male germ cell death. Science 270:96-99 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.270.5233.96
  11. Lu YP, YP Lou, XH Li, JG Xie, D Brash, MT Huang and AH Conney. 2000. Stimulatory effect of oral administration of green tea or caffeine on ultraviolet light-induced increases in epidermal wild-type p53, p21 (WAF1/CIP1), and apoptotic sunburn cells in SKH-1 mice. Cancer Res. 60:4785-4791
  12. Maeda N, H Hagihara, Y Nakata, S Hiller, J Wilder and R Reddick. 2000. Aortic wall damage in mice unable to synthesize ascorbic acid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 97:841-846
  13. Muller WU, C Streffer, A Woicik and F Niedereichholz. 1999. Radiation-induced malformations after exposure germ cells in various stages of spermatogenesis. Mutat. Res. 425:99-106 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0027-5107(99)00028-7
  14. Nair CKK, DK Parida and T Nomura. 2001. Radioprotection in radiotherapy. J. Radiate. Res. 42:21-37 https://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.42.21
  15. O'Connor MK, JF Malone, M Moriarity and S Mulgrew. 1977. A radioprotective effect of vitamin C observed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Br. J. Radiol. 50:587-591 https://doi.org/10.1259/0007-1285-50-596-587
  16. Okunieff P and HD Suit. 1987. Toxicity, radiation sensitivity modification, and combined drug effects of ascorbic acid with misonidazole in vivo on FSaII murine fibrosarcomas. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 79:377-381
  17. Pinon-Lateillade G, MC Viguier-Martinez, AM Touzalin, J Maas and B Jegou. 1991. Effect of an acute exposure of rat testes to gamma rays on germ cells and on Sertoli and Leydig cell functions. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 31:617-629 https://doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19910602
  18. Richburg JH. 2000. The relevance of spontaneous- and chemically-induced alterations in testicular germ cell apoptosis to toxicology. Toxicol. Lett. 112-113:79-86
  19. Rodriguez I, C Ody, K Araki, I Garcia and P Vassalli. 1997. An early and massive wave of germinal cell apoptosis is required for the development of functional spermatogenesis. EMBO J. 16:2262-2270 https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/16.9.2262
  20. Russell LD, RA Etllin, APS AHikim and ED Cleft. 1990. Histological and histopathological evaluation of the testis. Cache River Press, Florida
  21. Singh VN and SK Gaby. 1991. Premalignant lesions: role of antioxidant vitamins and beta-carotene in risk reduction and prevention of malignant transformation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53(1 Suppl):386S
  22. Stratford MRL, RJ Hodgkiss and RR Watfa. 1988. Studies on the role of antioxidants in radioprotection. Pharmacol. Therap. 39:389-391 https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-7258(88)90088-5
  23. Tubiana M, J Dutreix and A Wambersie. 1990. Introduction to radiobiology, Taylor & Francis, New York