Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
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Evaluation of Food and Nutrient Intake of Preschool Children in Day -Care Centers

보육시설 유아들의 식품 및 영양소 섭취상태 평가

  • Sin, Eun-Kyung (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Lee, Yeon-Kyung (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University)
  • 신은경 (경북대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이연경 (경북대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2005.08.01
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Quantity and Quality of food and nutrient intake of preschool children. The subjects were 57 children aged 3 to 6 years in Gumi day-care centers. Total daily dietary intakes were calculated by weighing food consumed at the day-care centers taken together with dietary records by children's mothers for intakes at home. This survey was conducted during 3 days including week and weekend days. Diet Quality was assessed by NAR (Nutrient Adequacy Ratio), MAR (Mean Adequacy Ratio), food group pattern and DDS (Dietary Diversity Score). The daily food intake was 992.7g, the plant food intake $(68\%)$ was higher than animal food intake $(32\%)$. The daily energy intake was 1249.2 kcal $(85\%\;RDA)$ and protein 43.8g $(153.6\%\;RDA)$. Percentage of calcium, iron, and niacin consumed below $75\%$ of RDAs were $29.8\%,\;35.1\%\;and\;28.1\%$, respectively. Proportions of energy from carbohydrate, protein and fat were $61.0\%,\;14.1\%\;and\;25.5\%$, respectively. Calorie intake proportion of breakfast, lunch, dinner and snack were $15\%,\;20\%,\;19\%\;and\;46\%$, respectively. The NAR of Ca and Fe and MAR were 0.84, 0.85 and 0.92, respectively. Thirty-one point six percent of children consumed 5 food groups (GMFVDS=110111) per day. Persons who had higher DDSs correlated positively with NAR and MAR. As a result, dietary intake of preschool children partially showed a problem of over and under nutrition in Quantity or Quality. We hope that the result of this study could be helpful for developing the nutrition education program for the health and nutrition of preschool children.

본 연구는 구미지역 보육시설 2개소의 $3\~6$세 아동 57명(남아 24명, 여아 33명 )을 대상으로 3일간의 식이섭취 상태를 조사하고 영양소를 분석하여 이들의 영양섭취상태를 양적, 질적으로 파악하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 유아들의 1일 식품섭취량은 992.7 g이었으며 식물성 식품으로 $55\%$, 동물성 식품으로 $45\%$를 섭취하였고 식물성 식품 중에서는 곡류, 동물성 식품 중에서는 우유 및 유제품을 가장 많이 섭취하였다. 유아들의 1일 평균 열량섭 취 량은 1249.2 kcal였으며 열량영양소의 비율은 권장 비율과 비교하여 탄수화물의 섭취는 약간 낮았고 지방의 섭취는 높았다. 영양소 섭취량의 권장량에 대한 비율이 $75\%$ 미만을 섭취하는 비율이 $20\%$를 초과하는 영양소로는 열량$(29.8\%)$, 철분$(35.1\%)$, 나이아신$(28.1\%)$, 칼슘$(21.1\%)$으로 조사되었다. 섭취열량에 대한 식품군별 기여도는 전체열량의 $68\%$를 식물성 식품으로부터, $32\%$를 동물성 식품으로부터 얻는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 칼슘의 경우에는 전체의 $22\%$를 식물성 식품으로부터, $78\%$를 동물성 식품으로부터 얻었으며, 철분의 경우에는 전체의 $78\%$를 식물성 식품으로부터, $22\%$를 동물성 식품으로부터 얻는 것으로 나타났다. 식품섭취량의 끼니별 분포는 아침:점심:저녁:간식이 13:15:13:59로 전체 $59\%$의 식품을 간식으로 섭취하였고, 섭취 열량의 끼니 별 분포도 아침:점심:저녁:간식이 15:20:19:46으로 간식의 비중이 높은 편이었다. 영양소별 적정도(NAR)를 분석한 결과 단백질, 비타민 A, 인은 0.95이상으로 높았고 칼슘(0.84)과 철분(0.85)은 낮았으며, 평균영양소 적정도(MAR)는 0.92로 양호한 편이었다 INQ는 모두 1을 넘어 식사의 질이 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 유아들 중 6가지 식품군(곡류, 육류, 과일류, 채소류, 우유 및 유제품, 유지류 및 당류)을 모두 섭취하는 유아는 $29.5\%$였고 과일류만을 섭취하지 않는 유아가 $31.6\%$로 가장 많았다. 식품군점수(DDS)가 증가함에 따라 영양소 적정도(NAR)도 유의하게 증가되어 식품섭취가 다양할수록 영양섭취의 질적 수준이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 신체성장 발육이 왕성한 보육시설 유아들에게 열량공급이 부족되지 않도록 하며, 특히 칼슘, 철분, 나이 아신이 풍부한 식단을 개발하여 필수영양소의 부족이 없도록 해야 하겠다 또한 다양한 식품들을 이용하여 모든 영양소가 권장량에 충족되는 질적으로 우수한 식사가 제공되도록 해야 할 것이며 열량 및 영양소의 높은 간식 비중을 막기 위해서 세끼 식사의 적절한 공급에 더욱 힘써야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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