Effects of Hexoses on In Vitro Development of Parthenogenetic Embryos in the Pigs

돼지 단위발생란의 체외발육시 6탄당의 영향

  • Yoon S. Y. (Samsung Biomedical Research Institue) ;
  • Kim C. I. (College of Animal Resource Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Cheong H. T. (College of Animal Resource Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Yang B. K. (College of Animal Resource Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Park C. K. (College of Animal Resource Science, Kangwon National University)
  • 윤선영 (삼성생명과학연구소) ;
  • 김정익 (강원대학교 동물자원과학대학) ;
  • 정희태 (강원대학교 동물자원과학대학) ;
  • 양부근 (강원대학교 동물자원과학대학) ;
  • 박춘근 (강원대학교 동물자원과학대학)
  • Published : 2005.08.01

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different hexoses (glucose, mannose, galactose and fructose) on in vitro development of parthenogenetic embryos in the pigs. When the parthnogenetic embryos were cultured in medium with concentrations of 5mM glucose or 1mM galactose, the rates of embyos developed to morula and blastocyst stages were significantly higher than those in another culture conditions (P<0.05). However, high concentration of galactose inhibited development to morula and blastocyst stages. Addition of hexoses at early stage of porcine parthenogenetic embryos were effective for in vitro development. Especially, the embryos cultured in medium with glucose at early stage were effective for development to 2-cell $(72\%)$ and blastocyst $(19\%)$ stages compared with embryo cultured without glucose. From the present results, it is suggested that development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos can improve in medium with 5mM glucose. The concentration of 1mM galactose was also effective for development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos. It also show that parthenogenetic embryos cultured with glucose at early stage can improve in vitro development.

Keywords

References

  1. Aitken RJ. 1976. Uterine secretion of fructose in the roe deer. J. Reprod. Fertil., 46:439-440 https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0460439
  2. Barnett DK and Bavister BD. 1996. What is the relationship between the metabolism of preimplantation embryos and their developmental competence? Mol. Reprod. Dev., 43:105-133 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199601)43:1<105::AID-MRD13>3.0.CO;2-4
  3. Barnett DK, Clayton MK, Kimura J and Bavister BD. 1997. Glucose and phosphate toxicity in hamster pre implantation embryos involves disruption of cellular organization, including distribution of active mitochondria. Mol. Reprod. Dev., 48:227-237 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199710)48:2<227::AID-MRD10>3.0.CO;2-V
  4. Barnett DK, Reiger D and Bavister BD. 1993. Changes in the metabolism of glucose and glutamine during development of the hamster embryo. Theriogenology Abst., 39:185 https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(93)90040-C
  5. Bigger JD. 1987. Pioneering mammalian embryo culture. In: The mamalian preimplantation embryo. Bavister B. C( ed). : Plenum press New York:1-22
  6. Brison DR and Leese HJ. 1994. Blastocoel cavity formation by preimplantation rat embryos in the presence of cyanide and other inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation. J. Reprod. Fertil., 101:305-309 https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.1010305
  7. Carlson D, Black DL and Howe GR. 1970. Oviduct secretion in the cow. J. Reprod. Fertil., 22:549-552 https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0220549
  8. Chatot CL, Ziomek C, Bavister BD, Lewis JL and Torres I. 1989. An improved culture medium supports development of random-bred l-cell mouse embryc in vitro. J. Repord. Fert., 86:679-688 https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0860679
  9. Conaghan J, Handyside AH, Winston RM and Leese HL. 1993. Effects of pyruvate and glucose on the development of human preimplantation embryos in vitro. J. Reprod. Fertil., 99:87-95 https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0990087
  10. Douglas CP, Garrow JS and Pugh EW. 1970. Investigation into the sugar content of endometrial secretion. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Common., 77:891-894 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1970.tb03421.x
  11. Flood MR and Weibold JL. 1988. Glucose metabolism by preimplantation pig embryos. J. Reprod. Fertil., 72:9-13
  12. Gardner DK and Leese HJ. 1990. Concentrations of nutrients in mouse oviduct fluid and their effects on embryo development and metabolism in vitro. J. Reprod. Fertil., 88:361-368 https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0880361
  13. Gardner DK, Lane M and Batt P. 1993. Uptake and metabolism of pyruvate and glucose by individual sheep preattachment embryos developed in vivo. Mol. Reprod. Fertil., 36:313-319 https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080360305
  14. Gregorie AT and Gibbon R. 1965. Glucosyl oligosacchrides of the rabbit genital tract: effects of ovarian hormone administration. Int. J. Fertil., 10:151-157
  15. Greven H. 1984. The distribution of monosaccharides and hexosamines in the oviduct of Salamandra salamandra (L.) (Amphibia, Urodela). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B., 79:229-232 https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(84)90018-X
  16. Guyader-Joly C, Kahtchadourian C and Menezo Y. 1996. Comparative glucose and fructose incorporation and conversion by in vitro produced bovine embryos. Zygote, 4:85-91 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0967199400002951
  17. Haynes NB and Lamming GE. 1967. Carbohydrate content of sow uterine flushings. J. Reprod. Fertil., 14:335-337 https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0140335
  18. Houghton FD, Thompson JG, Kennedy CJ and Leese HJ. 1996. Oxygen consumption and energy metabolism of the early mouse embryo. Mol. Reprod. Dev., 44:476-485 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199608)44:4<476::AID-MRD7>3.0.CO;2-I
  19. Jarrell VL, Day BN and Prather RS. 1991. The transition from maternal to zygotic control of development occurs during the 4-cell stage in the domestic pig, sus scrofa: quantitative and qualitative aspects of protein syntheses. Biol. Reprod., 77:62-68 https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod44.1.62
  20. Kim JH, Niwa K, Lim JM and Okuda oK. 1993. Effects of phosphate, energy substrates, and amino acids on development of in vitromatured, in vitro-fertilized bovine oocytes in a chemically defined, protein-free culture medium. Biol. Reprod., 48:1320-1325 https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod48.6.1320
  21. Kishi J, Noda Y, Narimoto K, Umaoka Y and Mori T. 1991. Block to development in cultured rat one-cell embryos is overcome using medium HECM-1. Hum. Reprod., 6:1445-1448 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137286
  22. Kwun J, Chang K, Lim J, Lee E, Lee B, Kang S and Hwang W. 2003. Effects of exogenous hexoses on bovine in vitro fertilized and cloned embryo development: Improved blastocyst formation after glucose replacement with fructose in a serum-free culture medium. Mol. Reprod. Dev., 65(2):167-74 https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.10309
  23. Lane M and Gardner DK. 1998. Amino acids and vitamins prevent culture-induced metabolic perturbations and associated loss of viability of mouse blastocysts. Hum. Reprod., 13:991-997 https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/13.4.991
  24. Lawitts JA and Bigger JD. 1991. Optimization of muse embryo culture media using simplex methods. J. Reprod. Fert., 91:543-556 https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0910543
  25. Leese H. 1988. The formation and function of oviduct fluid. J. Reprod. Fert., 82:843-856 https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0820843
  26. Li J, Foote RH and Simkin M. 1993. Development of rabbit zygotes cultured in protein free medium with catalase, taurine or superoxide dismutase. Biol. Reprod., 49:33-37 https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod49.1.33
  27. Lippes J, Enders RG and Pragay DA. 1972. The collection and analysis of human fallopian tubal fluid. Contraception, 5:85-103 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-7824(72)90021-2
  28. Ludwig TE, Lane M and Barister BD. 2001. Differential effect of hexoses on hamster embryo development in culture. Biol. Reprod., 64: 1366-1374 https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod64.5.1366
  29. Menezo Y and Khatchadourian C. 1990. Involvement of glucose 6 phosphate isomerase activity (EG5.3.1.9) in the mouse embryo '2 cell block' in vitro. C. R. Acad Sci. Paris, 310:297-301
  30. Miyoshi K, Funahashi H, Okuda K and Niwa K. 1994. Development of rat one-cell embryos in a chemically defined medium: Effects of glucose, phosphate, and osmolarity. J. Reprod. Fertil., 100:21-26 https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.1000021
  31. Nichol R, Hunter RFK, Gardner DK, Leese HJ and Cooke GM. 1992. Concentrations of energy substrates in oviductal fluid and blood plasma of pigs during the peri-ovulatory period. J. Reprod. Fertil., 96:699-707 https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0960699
  32. Quinn P. 1995. Enhanced results in mouse and human embryo culture using a modified human tubal fluid medium lacking glucose and phosphate. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet., 12:97-105 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02211377
  33. Rieger D, Luskutoff NM and Betteridge KJ. 1991. Developmentally related changes in the metabolism of glucose, glutamine and pyruvate by cattle embryos produced and co-culture in vitro. J. Reprod. Fert., 95:585-595 https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0950585
  34. Rieger D, Luskutoff NM and Betteridge KJ. 1992. Developmentally related changes in the uptake and metabolism of glucose, glutamine and pyruvate by cattle embryos produced in vitro. Reprod. Fertil. Dev., 4:547-557 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD9920547
  35. Sakkas D, Urner F, Menezo Y and Leppens G. 1993. Effects of glucose and fructose on fertilization, cleavage, and viability of mouse embryos in vitro. Bio. Reprod., 49:1288-1292 https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod49.6.1288
  36. Schini SA and Bavister BD. 1988. Two-cell block to development of culruted hamster embryos is caused by phosphate and glucose. Biol. Reprod., 39:1183-1192 https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod39.5.1183
  37. Schoenbeck RA, Peter MS, Rickords LF, Stumpf TT and Prather RS. 1992. Characterization of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and the transition from maternal to embryonic control in the 4-cell porcine embryo. Biol. Reprod., 47:1118-1125 https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod47.6.1118
  38. Scott L and Whittingham DG. 1996. Influence of genetic background and media components on the development of mouse embryos in vitro. Mol. Reprod. Dev., 4:336.346
  39. Seshagiri PB and Bavister BD. 1991. Glucose and phosphate inhibit respiration and oxidative metabolism in cultured hamster eight-cell embryos: evidence for the 'Crabtree effect.' Mol. Reprod. Dev., 30:105-111 https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080300206
  40. Suga T and Masaki J. 1973. Studies on the secretions of the cow. 6. Sugar and polyol constituents in the luminal fluid of the bovine uterus. Jpn, J. Anim. Reprod., 18:143-147 https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd1955.18.143
  41. Thompson JG, Simpson AC, Pugh PA and Tervit HR. 1992. Requirement for glucose during in vitro culture of sheep preimplantaion embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev., 31:253-257 https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080310405
  42. Thompson JG, Simpson AC, Pugh PA, Wright RW and Tervit HR. 1991. Glucose utilization by sheep embryos derived in vivo and in vitro. Reprod. Fertil. Dev., 3:571-576 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD9910571
  43. Wales RG. 1973. The uterus of the ewe. II. Chemical analysis of the uterine fluid collected by cannulation. Aust. J. Biol. Sci., 26:947 - 959 https://doi.org/10.1071/BI9730947