Coronary Fistulas -20 years experience -

관상동맥루

  • Lee Jeong Ryul (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Xenotransplantation Center, Clinical Research Institute Seoul National University Hospital) ;
  • Jung Yo Chun (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Choi Chang Hyu (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim Woong Han (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim Yong Jin (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Bae Eun Jung (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Noh Chung Il (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
  • 이정렬 (서울대학교 병원, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실, 서울대학교 병원 임상의학연구소 이종장기연구개발센터) ;
  • 정요천 (서울대학교 병원, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 최창휴 (서울대학교 병원, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 김웅한 (서울대학교 병원, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 김용진 (서울대학교 병원, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 배은정 (서울대학교 병원, 서울대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 노정일 (서울대학교 병원, 서울대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실)
  • Published : 2005.09.01

Abstract

Background: Some controversy still exists concerning the operative indications of coronary fistulas. Nevertheless, a short-term and long-term outcomes are excellent with surgical interventions. In this study, we assessed our surgical results on this disease entity during the last 20 years. Anatomic diversity was described as well. Material and Method: From April 1986 to March 2005, 20 patients with coronary fistulas underwent surgical correction in Seoul National University Children's Hospital. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Result: Twelve patients ($60\%$) were asymptomatic prior to surgery. All had electrocardiogram and echocardiogram and all but 3 had coro-nary angiogram preoperatively. Anatomically, none of them had two or more coronary fistulas. The sites of origin were left coronary system in 11 patients and right in 9. The draining sites were right ventricle in 11, right atrium in 3, left ventricle in 3, main pulmonary artery in 2, and superior vena cavae in 1. All of the involved, the coro-nary arteries were dilated or aneurismal. In 1 case, there was atherosclerotic change but no ischemic evidence in preoperative electrocardiogram. Operative techniques included external obliteration (13), internal obliteration (5), and both (2). External obliteration was done by ligation of the fistulous tract only in T patients, by fstula ligation plus plication in 3 and by plication or patch closure via fistulotomy in 3. There was no operative mortality. All of postoperative morbidities including transient sinus arrhythmia (2), complete atrioventricular block (1), decreased left ventricular function (2), ventricular tachycardia (1), pericarditis (1), and seizure (1) improved on discharge. The mean follow-up was 55.1$\pm$50.2 months (4.0 months${\~}$18.0 years) and there were no recurrences of fistula. There was 1 second operation for aortic root aneurysm, which developed after external patch closure of right coronary fistula. Conclusion: We demonstrated here that coronary fistulas can be cured with excellent clinical outcome and low operative risk under precise diagnosis. Understanding the anatomic diversity will help to construct surgical plans.

배경: 관상동맥루 환자의 수술 적응증과 수술시기에 대하여 여러 가지 논란이 있으나 최근 들어서는 수술의 위험성이 거의 없고 장기 성적을 개선하는 역할을 한다는 이유로 진단이 되면 수술을 하는 것이 대부분의 병원의 치료 전략이다. 본 연구에서는 과거 20년간 본 병원에서 경험한 관상동맥루의 해부학적 다양성과 수술결과를 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1986년부터 2005년까지 단일 병원에서 관상동맥루로 수술 받은 20명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적으로 의무기록을 검토하였다. 결과: 12명($60.0\%$)의 환자들은 술 전 자각 증상이 없었으며 모든 환자를 대상으로 술 전 심전도와 심초음파를 시행하였고 17명의 환자는 관상동맥 조영술까지 시행하였다. 형태학적으로 동일 환자에서 두 군데 이상의 관상동맥루가 있었던 경우는 없었으며 동맥루의 기시부가 좌관상동맥이었던 경우가 11예, 우관상동맥이었던 경우가 9예였다. 관상동맥루의 심장 내 유입위치는 우심실인 경우가 11예, 우심방인 경우가 3예, 주폐동맥인 경우가 2예, 상대정맥인 경우가 1예였으며 좌심실로 유입되는 경우는 3예였다. 병변 부위의 관상동맥은 확장되거나 동맥류를 만들고 있었는데 관상동맥의 확장과 함께 동맥경화가 동반되어 있었던 경우가 1예 있었으나 술 전 심전도상 심근 허혈의 증거는 없었다. 수술은 심장외폐쇄술과 심장내폐쇄술, 혹은 두 가지 방법을 함께 사용하였는데 심장외폐쇄술만을 시행한 경우가 13예로 이 중 관상동맥루의 결찰술만을 시행한 경우가 7예, 결찰술과 추벽성형술을 함께 시행한 경우가 3예, 관상동맥루 종절개를 통해 추벽성형술을 시행한 경우가 2예, 첩포폐쇄술을 시행한 경우가 1예였다. 심장내페쇄술만을 시행한 경우는 5예였고 심장외측에서의 결찰술과 심장내폐쇄술을 함께 시행한 경우가 2예 있었다. 수술 사망은 없었으며 술 후 합병증으로 일시적인 동성부정맥이 2예, 완전방실차단이 1예, 심실기능저하가 2예, 심실성빈맥이 1예, 심막염이 1예, 간질성 발작이 1예 있었으나 퇴원 당시 모두 소실되었다. 평균 추적 관찰 기간은 55.1$\pm$50.2개월(4개월${\~}$18년)이었으며 재발한 경우는 없었으나 우관상동맥에 발생한 관상동맥루에 대해 첩포폐쇄술 후 발생한 근위대동맥의 동맥류성 변화로 인한 2차 수술이 1예 있었다. 결론: 저자 등은 본 연구를 통해 관상동맥루의 해부학적 다양성을 확인할 수 있었으며 정확한 술 전 진단 하에 외과 교정을 시행하였을 때 경험한 모든 경우에 서 재발을 포함한 증상의 잔존 없이 완치가 가능하여 향후에도 진단이 되면 수술하는 것을 본 질환의 치료 원칙으로 삼고자 한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Lowe JE, Sabiston DC Jr. Congential malformations of the coronary circulation. In: Sabiston DC Jr, Spencer FC. Gibbon's surgery of the chest, 4th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 1983:1409-24
  2. Fell EH, Weinberg J, Gordon AS, Gasul BM, Johnson FR. Surgery for congenital coronary artery arteriovenous fistula. Arch Surg 1958;77:331-5 https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1958.01290030031004
  3. Meyer J, Reul GJ, Mullins CE, McCoy J, Hallman GL, Cooley DA. Congenital fistula of the coronary arteries, clinical considerations and surgical management in 23 patients. J Cardiovasc Surg 1975;16:506-11
  4. Gasul BM, Arcillar RA, Fell EH, Lynfield J, Bioff JP, Luan LL. Congenital coronary arteriovenous fistula. Pediatrics 1960;25:531-60
  5. Ogden JA, Stansel HC Jr. Coronary arterial fistulas terminating in the coronary venous system. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1972;63:172-82
  6. Effler DB, Sheldon WC, Turner JJ, Groves LK. Coronary arteriovenous fistulas: Diagnosis and surgical management. Report of fifteen cases. Surgery 1967;61:41-50
  7. Gillebert C, Van Hoof R, Van de Werf F, Piessens J, De Geest H. Coronary artery fistulas in an adult population. Eur Heart J 1986;7:437-43
  8. Daniel TM, Graham TP, Sabiston DC Jr. Coronary arteryright ventricular fistula with congestive heart failure, surgical correction in the neonatal period. Surgery 1970;67: 985-94
  9. Rittenhouse EA, Doty DB, Ehrenhaft JL. Congenital coronary artery-cardiac chamber fistula: review of operative management. Ann Thorac Surg 1975;20:468-85 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(10)64245-2
  10. Liberthson RR, Sagar K, Berkoben JP, Weintraub RM, Levine FH. Congenital coronary arteriovenous fistula: report of 13 patients. Review of literature and delineation of management. Circulation 1979;59:849-54 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.59.5.849
  11. Lowe JE, Oldham HN, Sabiston DC Jr. Surgical management of congenital coronary artery fistulas. Ann Surg 1981;194:373-80 https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-198110000-00001
  12. Tkebuchava T, Vonsegesser LK, Vogt PR, Jenni R, Arbenz U, Turina M. Congenital coronary fistulas in children and adults: diagnosis, surgical technique and results. J Cardiovasc Surg 1996;37:29-34
  13. John S, Perianayagam WJ, Muralidharan S, et al. Surgical treatment of congenital coronary artery fistula. Thorax 1981; 36:350-4 https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.36.5.350
  14. Lukacs L, Arvay A. Bilateral congenital coronary arterypulmonary artery fistulas: report of two cases and review of the literature. J Cardiovasc Surg 1986;27:90-3
  15. Shubrooks SJ, Naggar CZ. Spontaneous near closure of coronary artery fistula. Circulation 1978;57:197-9 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.57.1.197
  16. Francis CK, Sacheti CK, Cohen RB. Fistulous communication between the left coronary artery and main pulmonary artery. A thirteen year follow-up. Cath and Cardiovasc Diag 1979;5:357-66 https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.1810050407
  17. Cheung DLC, Au WK, Cheung HH, Chiu CS, Lee WT. Coronary artery fistulas: Long-term results of surgical correction. Ann Thorac Surg 2001;71:190-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01862-2
  18. Jaffe RB, Glancy DL, Epstein SE, Brown BG, Morrow AG. Coronary arterial-right heart fistulae. Long term Observations in seven patients. Circulation 1973;47:133-43 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.47.1.133
  19. Araya I, Oda Y, Yamamoto K, Tanaka S, Nabeshima Y. Surgical experiences with congenital coronary arteriovenous fistula. Jap J Thorac Surg 1966;19:281-4
  20. Cooley DA, Ellis PR Jr. Surgical considerations of coronary arterial fistula. Am J Cardiol 1962;10:467-74 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(62)90371-5