References
- Bradford, M. M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72: 248-254 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
- Brown, T. L., M. G. Yet, and F. Wold. 1982. Substrate-containing gel electrophoresis: Sensitive detection of amylolytic, nucleolytic, and proteolytic enzymes. Anal. Biochem. 122: 164-172 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(82)90266-4
- Chang, C. T., M. H. Fan, F. C. Kuo, and H. Y. Sung. 2000. Potent fibrinolytic enzyme from a mutant of Bacillus subtilis IMR-NK1. J Agric. Food Chem. 48: 3210-3216 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000020k
- Choi, N. S., J. Y. Lee, K. S. Yoon, K. Y. Han, and S. H. Kim. 2001. Identification of total extracellular fibrinase from Bacillus sp. DJ using one- or two-dimensional fibrin zymography for proteomic approach. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 11: 1111-1114
- Choi, N. S., K. H. Yoo, K. S. Yoon, K. T. Chang, P. J. Maeng, and S. H. Kim. 2004. Identification of recombinant subtilisins. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 15: 35-39
- Choi, N. S., K. T. Chang, P. J. Maeng, and S. H. Kim. 2004. Cloning, expression, and fibrin (ogen)olytic properties of a subtilisin DJ-4 gene. from Bacillus sp. DJ-4. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 236: 325-331 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09665.x
- Choi, N. S. and S. H. Kim. 2000. Two fibrin zymography methods for analysis of plasminogen activators on gels. Anal. Biochem. 281: 236-238 https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.2000.4572
- Deutscher, M. P. 1990. Guide to Protein Purification. Academic Press, San Diego
- Fujita, M., K. Nomura, K. Hong, Y Ito, A. Asada, and S. Nishimuro. 1993. Purification and characterization of a string fibrinolytic enzyme (nattokinase) in the vegetable cheese natto, a popular soybean fermented food in Japan. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 197: 13470-13472
- Gharahdaghi, F., M. Kirchner, J. Fernandez, and S. M. Mische. 1996. Peptide-mass profiles of polyvinylidene difluoride-bound proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in the presence of nonionic detergents. Anal. Biochem. 233: 94-99 https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0012
- Gharahdaghi, F., C. R. Weinberg, D. A. Meagher, B. S. Imai, and S. M. Mische. 1999. Mass spectrometric identification of proteins from silver-stained polyacrylamide gel: A method for the removal of silver ions to enhance sensitivity. Electrophoresis 20: 601-605 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-2683(19990301)20:3<601::AID-ELPS601>3.0.CO;2-6
- Ikemura, H. and M. Inouye. 1988. In vitro processing of prosubtilisin produced in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 12959-12963
- Jang, J. S., D. O. Kang, M. J. Chun, and S. M. Byun. 1992. Molecular cloning of a subtilisin J. gene from Bacillus stearothermophilus and its expression in Bacillus subtilis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 184: 277-282 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(92)91189-W
- Kamal, M., J. Hoog, R. Kaiser, J. Shafqat, T. Razzaki, Z. H. Zaidi, and H. Jornvall. 1995. Isolation, characterization and structure of subtilisin from thermostable Bacillus subtilis isolate. FEBS Lett. 374: 363-366 https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(95)01145-5
- Kaneko, R., N. Koyama, Y. C. Tsai, R. Y Juang, K. Yoda, and M. Yamasaki. 1989. Molecular cloning of the structural gene for alkaline elastase YaB, a new subtilisin produced by an alkalophilic Bacillus strain. J. Bacteriol. 171: 5232-5236 https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.171.9.5232-5236.1989
- Kim, J. S., I. S. Lee, S. Lee, Y. P. Lee, C. Jung, H. C. Kim, and S. Y. Choi. 2002. Cloning and expression of the aminopeptidase gene from the Bacillus licheniformis in Bacillus subtilis. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 12: 773-779
- Kim, S. H., N. S. Choi, and W. Y. Lee. 1998. Fibrin zymography: A direct analysis of fibrinolytic enzymes on gels. Anal. Biochem. 263: 115-116 https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1998.2816
- Kim, S. H. and N. S. Choi. 1999. Electrophoretic analysis of protease inhibitors in fibrin zymography. Anal. Biochem. 270: 179-181 https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1999.4080
- Kim, S. H. and N. S. Choi. 2000. Purification and characterization of subtilisin DJ-4 secreted by Bacillus sp. strain DJ-4 screened from Doen-Jang. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 64: 722-1725
- Kim, W., K. Choi, Y. Kim, H. Park, J. Choi, Y. Lee, H. Oh, I. K won, and S. Lee. 1996. Purification and characterization of a fibrinolytic enzyme produced from Bacillus sp. strain CK 11-4 screened from Chungkook-Jang. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: 2482-2488
- Ko, J. H., J. P. Peng, J. Zhu, and Y. P. Qi. 2004. Identification of two novel fibrinolytic enzymes from Bacillus subtilis QK02. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 137: 65-74 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2003.10.004
- Kurihara, M., F. S. Markland, and E. L. Smith. 1972. Subtilisin Amylosacchariticus. 3. Isolation and sequence of the chymotryptic peptides and the complete amino acid sequence. J. Biol. Chem. 247: 5619-5631
- Laemmli, U. K. 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227: 680-685 https://doi.org/10.1038/227680a0
- Lantz, M. S. and P. Ciborowski. 1994. Zymographic techniques for detection and characterization of microbial proteases. Methods Enzymol. 235: 563-594 https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(94)35171-6
- Matsubara, H., C. B. Kasper, D. M. Brown, and E. L. Smith. 1965. Subtilisin BPN. I. Physical properties and amino acid composition. J. Biol. Chem. 240: 1125-1130
- Nakamura, T., Y. Yamagata, and E.lchishima. 1992. Nucleotide sequence of the subtilisin NAT gene, aprN, of Bacillus subtilis (natto). Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 56: 1869-1871 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.56.1869
- Peng, Y., Q. Huang, R. Zhang, and Y. Zhang. 2003. Purification and characterization of a fibrinolytic enzyme produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DC-4 screened from douchi, a traditional Chinese soybean food. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol. 134: 45-52 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-4959(02)00183-5
- Priest, F. G. 1977. Extracellular enzyme synthesis in the genus Bacillus. Bacteriol. Rev. 41: 711-753
- Rochelle, P. A., J. C. Fry, R. J. Parkes, and A. J. Weightman. 1992. DNA extraction for 16S rRNA gene analysis to determine genetic diversity in deep sediment communities. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 100: 59-66 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05682.x
- Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. CSH, New York, U.S.A
- Simonen, M. and J. Palva. 1993. Protein secretion in Bacillus species. Microbiol. Rev. 57: 109-137
- Smith, E. L., R. J. Delange, W. H. Evans, M. Landon, and F. S. Markland. 1968. Subtilisin Carlsberg. V. The complete sequence; comparison with subtilisin BPN'; evolutionary relationships. J. Biol. Chem. 243: 2184-2191
- Takagi, H., M. Yamamoto, I. Ohtsu, and S. Nakamori. 1998. Random mutagenesis into the conserved Gly 154 of subtilisin E: Isolation and characterization of the revertant enzymes. Protein Eng. 11: 1205-1210 https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/11.12.1205
- Wells, J. A. and D. A. Estell. 1988. Subtilisin - an enzyme designed to be engineered. Trends Biochem. Sci. 13: 291-297 https://doi.org/10.1016/0968-0004(88)90121-1
- Wong, S. L., C. W. Price, D. S. Goldfarb, and R. H. Doi. 1984. The subtilisin E gene of Bacillus subtilis is transcribed from a sigma 37 promoter in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 1184-1188
-
Yamazaki, H., K. Ohmura, A. Nakayama, Y. Takeichi, K. Otozai, M. Yamasaki, G. Tamura, and K. Yamane. 1983. Alpha-amylase genes (amyR2 and
$amyE^+$ ) from an alpha-amylase-hyperproducing Bacillus subtilis strain: Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequences. J. Bacteriol. 156: 327-337 - Zhu, X. L., Y. Ohta, F. Jordan, and E. Inouye. 1989. Prosequence of subtilisin can guide the refolding of denatured subtilisin in an intermolecular process. Nature 339: 483-484 https://doi.org/10.1038/339483a0