International Journal of Safety

The Korean Society of Safety (한국안전학회)
권호 표지

The Influence of Impact Angle on Hip Fracture in Fallings

  • Choi, Jae-Bong (Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Hansung University)
  • Published : 2005.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The direction of the applied load and displacement rate on the femur during falls may be an important factors in the etiology of hip fractures. Nonetheless, previous studies did not consider these two factors simultaneously for falling condition. Therefore, in the present study, an impact test system is developed to simulate the falling condition and the influence of impact angle on the deformation pattern changes of proximal femur is investigated. The results showed that a slight variation in impact angle quite affects deformation pattern of the proximal femur. Along with bone mineral density and trabaecular morphology, the impact angle can be another important factor affecting the structural capacity of the proximal femur.

Keywords

References

  1. T. P. Pinilla, K. C. Boardman, M. L. Bouxsein, E. R. Myers, W. C. Hayes, 'Impact direction from a fall influences the failure load of the proximal femur as much as age-related bone loss', Calicif. Tissue Int., Vol. 58, pp. 231-235, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02508641
  2. T. J. Beck, C. B. Ruff, K. E. Warden, W. W. Scott, G. U. Rao, 'Predicting femoral neck strength from bone mineral data', Invest. Radiol., Vol. 25, No.1, pp. 6-18, 1990 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004424-199001000-00004
  3. J. D. Michelson, A. Myers, R. Jinnah, Q. Cox, M. V. Natta, 'Epidemiology of hip fractures among the elderly', Clin. Orthop., Vol. 311, pp. 129-135, 1995
  4. S. R. Cumming, M. C. Nevitt, 'Non-skeletal determinants of fractures: the potential importance of the mechanics of falls', Osteoporosis Int. (suppl), Vol. 1, pp. 67-70, 1994
  5. S. R. Cumming, M. C. Nevitt, 'A hypothesis: the cause of hip fractues', J. Gerontology, Vol. 44, No.4, pp. 107-111, 1989
  6. S. L. Greenspan, E. R. Myers, L. A. Maitland, N. M. Resnick, W. C. Hayes, 'Fall severity and bone mineral density as risk factors for hip fracture in ambulatory elderly', JAMA, Vol. 271, pp. 128-133, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.271.2.128
  7. E. R. Myers, W. C. Hayes, 'Age-related hip fractures', Curr. Opin. Orthop., Vol. 5, pp. 9-15, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1097/00001433-199410000-00002
  8. A. C. Courtney, E. F. Watchel, E. R. Myers, W. C. Hayes, 'Effects of loading rate on the strength of the proximal femur', Calcif. Tissue Int., Vol. 55, pp. 53-58, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00310169
  9. J. C. Lotz, W. C. Hayes, 'The use of quantitative computed tomography to estimate risk of fracture of the hip from falls', J. Bone Joint Surg. [Am], Vol. 72, No. 5, pp. 689-700, 1990.
  10. A. C. Courtney, E. F. Wachtel, E. R. Myers, W. C. Hayes, 'Age-related reductions in the strength of the femur tested in a fall-loading configuration', J. Bone Joint Surg. [Am], Vol. 77, pp. 387-395, 1995. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-199503000-00008
  11. J. B. Finay, R. B. Bourne, J. McLean, 'A technique for the in vitro measurement of principal strains in the human tibia', J. Biomech. Vol. 15, pp. 723-739, 1982 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(82)90087-2
  12. A. A. Biewener, Biomechanics - Structures and Systems, IRL PRESS, pp. 129-130, 1992
  13. S. N. Robinovitch, T. A. McMahon, W. C. Hayes, 'Energy shutting hip padding system attenuates femoral impact force in a simulated fall', J. Biomech. Eng., Vol. 117, pp. 409-413, 1995a https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2794200
  14. A. J. Kroonenberg, W. C. Hayes, T. A. McMahon, 'Dynamic models for sideways falls from standing height', J. Biomech. Eng., Vol. 117, pp. 309-318, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2794186
  15. L. C. Lotz, W. C. Hayes, 'The use of quantitative computed tomography to estimate risk of fracture of the hip from falls', J. Bone Joint Surg.[Am], Vol. 72, pp. 689-700, 1990. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-199072050-00008
  16. C. M. Ford, T. M. Keaveny, W. C. Hayes, 'The effect of impact direction on the structural capacity of the proximal femur during falls', J. Bone Miner. Res., Vol. 11, pp. 377-383, 1996