DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

PLANETARY NEBULAE: NEW CHALLENGES IN THE 21ST CENTURY

  • KWOK SUN (Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics)
  • 발행 : 2005.06.01

초록

Athough planetary nebulae (PNe) have been discovered for over 200 years, it was not until 30 years ago that we arrived at a basic understanding of their origin and evolution. Even today, with observations covering the entire electromagnetic spectrum from radio to X-ray, there are still many unanswered questions on their structure and morphology. In this review, we summarize recent theoretical and observational advances in PNe research, and discuss the roles of PNe in the chemical (atomic, molecular, and solid-state) enrichment of the galaxy and as tracers of the large scale structure of the Universe.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Aaquist, O. B., & Kwok, S. 1996, ApJ, 462, 813 https://doi.org/10.1086/177196
  2. Arnaboldi, M., et al. 1996, ApJ, 472, 145 https://doi.org/10.1086/178050
  3. Balick, B. 1987, AJ, 94, 671 https://doi.org/10.1086/114504
  4. Balick, B., Alexander, J., Hajian, A.R., Terzian, Y., Perinotto, M., & Patriarch, P. 1998, AJ, 116, 360 https://doi.org/10.1086/300429
  5. Bernatowicz, T., Fraundorf, G., Tang, M., Anders, E., Wopenka, B., Zinner, E., & Fraundorf, P. 1987, 330, 728
  6. Bond, H.E., & Alves, D.R 2001, eds. R Szczerba & S.K. Gorny (Kluwer:Dordrecht), p. 77
  7. Bryce, M., Balick, B., & Meaburn, J. 1994, MNRAS, 266, 721 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/266.3.721
  8. Cernicharo, J., et al. 2001a, ApJ, 546, L123 https://doi.org/10.1086/318871
  9. Cernicharo, J., et al. 2001b, ApJ, 546, L127 https://doi.org/10.1086/318266
  10. Chu, Y.-H., Jacoby, G.H., & Arendt, R 1987, ApJS, 64, 529 https://doi.org/10.1086/191207
  11. Chu, Y.-H., Guerrero, M.A., Gruendl, R.A., Williams, R.M., & Kaler, J.B. 2001, ApJ, 553, L69 https://doi.org/10.1086/320495
  12. Ciardullo, R, Jacoby, G.H., & Ford, H.C. 1989, ApJ, 344, 715 https://doi.org/10.1086/167836
  13. Curtis, H. D. 1918, Publ. Lick Obs., Vol. XIII, Part III, p. 57
  14. Corradi, R.L.M., Schonberner, D.., Steffen, M., & Perinotto, M. 2000, A&A, 354, 1071
  15. Deguchi, S. 1997, in IAU Symp. 180: Planetary Nebulae, H.J. Habing H.J.G.L.M. Lamers (eds.), Kluwers, p. 151
  16. De Marco, O., Bond, H. E., Harmer, D., Fleming, A. J. 2004, ApJ, 602, L93 https://doi.org/10.1086/380917
  17. Drilling, J. S., & Schonberner , D. 1985, A&A, 146, L23
  18. Frank, A. 1994, AJ, 107, 261 https://doi.org/10.1086/116850
  19. Frank, A., Balick, B., & Riley, J. 1990, AJ, 100, 1903 https://doi.org/10.1086/115646
  20. Garcia-Segura, G., Langer, N., Rozyczka, M., & Franco, J. 1999, ApJ, 517, 767 https://doi.org/10.1086/307205
  21. Garcia-Segura, G., Lopez, J.A., & Franco, J. 2001, ApJ, 560, 928 https://doi.org/10.1086/323072
  22. Guerrero, M.A., Miranda, L.F., Manchado, A., & Vazquez, R. 2000, MNRAS, 313, 1
  23. Hasegawa, T., & Kwok, S. 2001, ApJ, 562, 824 https://doi.org/10.1086/323856
  24. Hasegawa, T., Volk, K., & Kwok, S. 2000, ApJ, 532, 994 https://doi.org/10.1086/308610
  25. Hua, C.T. 1997, A&AS, 125, 355 https://doi.org/10.1051/aas:1997226
  26. Hua, C.T., Dopita, M.A., & Martinis, J. 1998, A&AS, 133, 361 https://doi.org/10.1051/aas:1998327
  27. Hui, X., et al. 1995, The Planetary Nebula System and Dynamics of NGC 5128. III. Kinematics and Halo Mass Distributions, ApJ, 449, 592 https://doi.org/10.1086/176082
  28. Iben, I. 1984, ApJ, 277, 333 https://doi.org/10.1086/161700
  29. Jacoby, G. H. 1989, ApJ, 339, 39 https://doi.org/10.1086/167274
  30. Kahn, F., & West, K. A. 1985, MNRAS, 212, 837 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/212.4.837
  31. Kastner, J.H., Vrtilek, S.D., & Soker, N. 2001, ApJ, 550, L189 https://doi.org/10.1086/319651
  32. Khromov, G. S., & Kohoutek, L. 1968, in lAU Symp. 34: Planetary Nebulae, eds. D. E. Osterbrock & C. R. O'Dell (Reidel:Dordrecht), p. 227
  33. Kwok, S. 1982, ApJ, 258, 280 https://doi.org/10.1086/160078
  34. Kwok, S. 2000, The Origin and Evolution of Planetary Nebulae, Astrophysics Series No. 33, Cambridge University Press
  35. Kwok, S. 2004, Nature, 430, 985 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02862
  36. Kwok, S., & Su, K. Y. L. 2005, ApJ, submitted
  37. Kwok, S., Purton, C.R., & FitzGerald, M. P. 1978, ApJ, 219, L125 https://doi.org/10.1086/182621
  38. Kwok, S., Su, K. Y. L., & Hrivnak, B.J. 1998, ApJ, 501, L117 https://doi.org/10.1086/311430
  39. Kwok, S., Hrivnak, B.J., Zhang, C.Y., & Langill, P.L. 1996, ApJ, 472, 287 https://doi.org/10.1086/178063
  40. Kwok, S., Hrivnak, B.J., & Su, K.Y.L. 2000, ApJ, 544, L149 https://doi.org/10.1086/317304
  41. Kwok, S., Volk, K, & Bernath, P. 2001a, ApJ, 554, L87 https://doi.org/10.1086/320913
  42. Kwok, S., Su, K.Y.L., & Stoesz, J.A. 2001b, in Post-AGB Objects as a Phase of Stellar Evolution, Kluwer, p. 115
  43. Latter, W.B., Dayal, A., Bieging, J.H., Meakin, C., Hora, J.L., Kelly, D.M. & Tielens, A.G.G.M. 2000, ApJ, 539, 783 https://doi.org/10.1086/309252
  44. Leahy, D.A., Kwok, S., & Yin, D. 2000, ApJ, 540, 442 https://doi.org/10.1086/309332
  45. Lopez, J. A., Vazquez, R., & Rodriguez, L. F. 1995, ApJ, 455, L63
  46. Lopez, J. A., Meaburn, J., Bryce, M., & Holloway, A. J. 1998, ApJ, 493, 803 https://doi.org/10.1086/305155
  47. Manchado, A., Guerrero, M. A., Stanghellini, L., & Serra-Ricart, M. 1996, The lAC Morphological Catalog of Northern Galactic Planetary Nebulae, (IAC:Tenerife)
  48. Marten, H., & Schonberner, D. 1991, A&A, 248, 590
  49. Masson C. R 1989, ApJ, 346, 243 https://doi.org/10.1086/168005
  50. Masson C. R. 1990, ApJ, 348, 580 https://doi.org/10.1086/168264
  51. Mastrodemos, N., & Morris, M. 1999, ApJ, 523, 357 https://doi.org/10.1086/307717
  52. Mellema, G. 1994, A&A, 290, 915
  53. Mellema, G., & Frank, A. 1995, MNRAS, 273, 401 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/273.2.401
  54. Miranda, L. F., Guerrero, M. A., & Torrelles, J. M. 1999, ApJ, 117, 1421 https://doi.org/10.1086/300774
  55. Monteiro, H., Morisset, C., Gruenwald, R., & Viegas, S.M. 2000, ApJ, 537, 853 https://doi.org/10.1086/309058
  56. Nittler, L.R., Alexander, C.M., Gao, X., Walker, r.M., Zinner, E. 1997, ApJ, 483, 475 https://doi.org/10.1086/304234
  57. Paczynski, B. 1971, Acta Astr., 21, 417
  58. Paczynski, B., & Rudak, B. 1980, A&A, 82, 349
  59. Parker et al. 2003, in lAU Symp. 209 Planetary Nebulae: Their Evolution and Role in the Universe, eds. S. Kwok, M. Dopita, & R Sutherland, ASP, p. 25
  60. Pendleton, 1999, in Solid interstellar matter: the ISO revolution, eds. L. d'Hendecourt, C. Joblin, & A. Jones (EDP Sciences:Paris), p. 120
  61. Perinotto, M., Kifonidis, K., Schonberner, D., & Marten, H. 1998, A&A, 332, 1044
  62. Perinotto, M., Schonberner , D., Steffen, M., & Calonaci, C. 2004, A&A, 414, 993 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20031653
  63. Sahai, R. 2000, ApJ, 537, L43 https://doi.org/10.1086/312748
  64. Sahai, R, Bujarrabal, V., & Zijlstra, Z. 1999a, ApJ, 518, L115 https://doi.org/10.1086/312084
  65. Sahai, R. et al. 1999b, AJ, 118, 468 https://doi.org/10.1086/300939
  66. Schmidt-Voigt, M. & Koppen, J. 1987a, A&A, 174, 211
  67. Schmidt-Voigt, M., & Koppen, J. 1987b, A&A, 174, 223
  68. Schonbcrner , D. 1979, A&A, 79, 108
  69. Schonbernor, D., Jacob, R., Steffen, M., Perinotto, M., Corradi, R.L.M., & Acker, A. 2005, A&A, in press
  70. Schwarz, H. E., Aspin, C., Corradi, R. L. M., & Reipurth, B. 1997, A&A, 319, 267
  71. Stanghellini, L., Corradi, R.L.M., & Schwarz, H.E. 1993, A&AS, 279, 521
  72. Steffen, M., Szczerba, R., Schonberncr, D. 1998, A&A, 337, 149
  73. Steffen, W., Lopez, J.A., & Lim, A. 2001, ApJ, 556, 823 https://doi.org/10.1086/320967
  74. Soker, N. 2000, ApJ, 540, 436 https://doi.org/10.1086/309326
  75. Tylenda, R. 1983, A&A, 126, 299
  76. Van Winckel, H., Waelkens, C., Fernie, J.D., & Waters, L.B.F.M. 1999, a, 343, 202
  77. Walsh, J.R, Walton, N.A., Jacoby, G., Peletier, R.F. 1999, A&A, 346, 753
  78. Weidemann, V. 2000, A&A, 363, 647
  79. Wood, P. R., & Faulkner, D. J. 1986, ApJ, 307, 659 https://doi.org/10.1086/164451
  80. Zhang, C. Y., & Kwok, S. 1998, ApJS, 117, 341 https://doi.org/10.1086/313118

피인용 문헌

  1. The effect of stellar feedback on the formation and evolution of gas and dust tori in AGN vol.393, pp.3, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14220.x
  2. In Search of Possible Associations between Planetary Nebulae and Open Clusters vol.119, pp.862, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1086/524414
  3. Radio planetary nebulae in the Magellanic Clouds vol.399, pp.2, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15307.x