청소년의 인간관계와 일탈행동: 부모자녀관계, 친구관계, 교사학생관계를 중심으로

Interpersonal relationship and delinquent behavior among adolescents: With specific focus on parent-child relationship, teacher-student relationship, and relationship with friends

이 연구에서는 청소년의 일탈행동에 대한 이해를 위해, 청소년에게 의미있는 인간관계를 중심으로 그 영향을 살펴보는데 초점을 두었다. 이를 위해 최근에 이루어진 부모자녀관계, 친구관계 및, 교사학생관계와 청소년의 일탈행동에 관련된 선행 연구의 결과들을 개관하였다. 이러한 경험과학적 연구 결과들에 대한 종합을 토대로, 부모자녀관계와 일탈행동에 관련하여 다음과 같은 세 측면에서 논의가 시도되었다: 1) 부모의 적대적이고 거부적인 양육태도의 영향, 2) 부모의 자녀 성취에 대한 낮은 기대와 압력, 3) 가장 믿고 의지하고 싶은 존재인 부모로부터 버려진 경험. 친구관계와 일탈행동에 대해서도 세 가지 면에서 논의하였다: 1) 친구 사회적 지원의 증가와 부모나 교사 사회적 지원의 감소, 2) 일탈행동 촉진자로서 친구와 관련된 생활 환경의 개선, 3) 일탈 청소년 하위집단별 다양한 친구관계 유형. 한편 교사학생관계와 일탈행동에 관련하여서는 다음과 같이 논의점이 정리되었다: 1) 교사와 적대적인 관계를 형성하고 있는 일탈 청소년, 2) 교사와 부정적인 관계의 회복, 3) 처벌의 효과에 대한 숙고.

This paper examines the influence of interpersonal relationship on delinquent behavior among adolescents. The role that parent-child relationship, teacher-student relationship, and relationship with friends play on delinquent behavior is reviewed. Review of empirical studies reveal the following results. First, adolescents who perceive their parents as being hostile and rejecting are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior. Second, those adolescents with parents, who have low expectations and who are less likely pressure them to succeed academically, are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior. Third, adolescents who feel that they have been abandoned by their parents are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior. Fourth, those adolescents with low social support from parents and teachers and high social support from their friends are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior. Fifth, those students who feel hostility from their teachers, have negative relationship with teachers, and experience greater punishment are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior. The results indicate that punishment can have adverse effect on some adolescents, further damaging the teacher-student relationship. Punishment can further reinforce the existing negative cycle that can increase the likelihood of adolescents engaging in delinquent behavior. The results indicate that a lack of support from parents and teacher leads to low academic and self-regulatory efficacy, which leads to low academic performance, which can results in punishments that could further damage their relationship with their parents and teachers and bring them closer to their friends. Adolescents caught up in this negative cycle are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior. These results indicate the need to reform the relational, social, and cultural environment of adolescents who are engaged in delinquent behavior.