Difference of Short Term Survival in Patients with ARDS According to Responsiveness to Alveolar Recruitment

급성호흡곤란증후군 환자에서 폐포모집술의 반응에 따른 초기 예후의 차이

  • Kim, Ho Cheol (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Cho, Dae Hyun (Masan Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kang, Gyoung Woo (Masan Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Dong Jun (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Lee, Jong Deok (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Hwang, Young Sil (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University)
  • 김호철 (경상대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 조대현 (성균관대학교 의과대학 마산삼성병원 내과) ;
  • 강경우 (성균관대학교 의과대학 마산삼성병원 내과) ;
  • 박동준 (경상대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 이종덕 (경상대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 황영실 (경상대학교 의과대학 내과학교실)
  • Published : 2004.03.30

Abstract

Background : Lung protective strategies, using low tidal volume in ARDS, improve survival rate in ARDS. However, low tidal volume ventilation may promote alveolar de-recruitment. Therefore, alveolar recruitment is necessary to maintain arterial oxygenation and to prevent repetitive opening and closure of collapsed alveoli in lung protective strategies. There has been a recent report describing improvement in arterial oxygenation with use of recruitment maneuver. However, impact of recruitment on outcome of ARDS is unknown. We evaluated whether short-term survival difference existed in patients with ARDS, who were performed alveolar recruitment maneuver(ARM) and prone position, according to response of alveolar recruitment or not. Methods : All patients who were diagnosed with ADRS and received mechanical ventilation were included. ARM were sustained inflation($35-45cmH_2O$ CPAP for 30-40 sec.) or increasing level of PEEP. If these methods were ineffective, alveolar recruitment with prone position was done for at least 10 hours. $P_aO_2/FiO_2$(P/F) ratio was determined before and at 0.5 and 2 hours after ARM. We defined a responder if the P/F ratio was increased over 50% of baseline value. We compared 10-days and 30-days survival rate between responders and non-responders. Results : 20 patients(M:F=12:8, $63{\pm}14age$) were included. Among them, 12 patients were responders and 8 patients were non-responders. In responders, P/F ratio was increased from $92{\pm}25mmHg$ to $244{\pm}85mmHg$. In non-responders, P/F ratio increased from $138{\pm}37mmHg$ to $163{\pm}60mmHg$. Among non-responders, P/F ratio was improved over 50% in 2 patients after prone position. Overall, 14 patients were responders after ARM and prone position. The 10-days and 30-days survival rate in responders was significantly higher than in non-responders(86%, 57% in responders and 33%, 0% in non-responders)(p<0.05). There was no significant difference between responders and non-responders in age($71{\pm}11$, $60{\pm}14$), lung injury score($2.8{\pm}0.2$, $2.9{\pm}0.45$), simplified acute physiology score(SAPS) II ($35{\pm}4.6$, $34{\pm}5.7$), positive end-positive pressure level($15.6{\pm}1.9cmH_2O$, $14.5{\pm}2.1cmH_2O$). Conclusion : ARM may improve arterial oxygenation in some patients with ARDS. These responders in patients with ARDS showed significant higher 10-days and 30-days survival rate than non-responders patients with alveolar recruitment.

배 경 : 급성호흡곤란증후군의 폐보호전략에서 폐포모집술은 적절한 산소화를 유지하고 반복적인 폐포의 개폐에 의한 폐 손상을 최소화하기 위해 그 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 폐포모집술이 동맥혈 산소화에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 많이 연구되었지만 환자의 예후에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 폐포모집술을 시행한 급성호흡곤란증후군 환자를 대상으로 폐포모집술의 반응에 따라 초기 생존률의 차이가 있는지 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 2001년 9월부터 2002년 8월까지 급성호흡곤란증후군으로 진단되어 기계호흡을 유지하고 48시간 내에 폐포모집술을 시행한 20명(남;여=12;8, $63{\pm}14$세)의 환자를 대상으로 후향적으로 조사하였다. 폐포모집술은 안정제와 근이완제를 투여한 다음 급작스런 고수준($35-45cmH_2O$)의 지속적양압법 또는 점진적 호기말양압 증가법으로 하였고, 상기 방법에 효과가 없는 경우는 복와위를 시도하였다. 폐포모집술 시행 전과 시행 후 30분, 2시간에 동맥혈 가스검사를 시행하여 $P_aO_2/FiO_2$(P/F) 비가 50%이상 증가한 환자를 반응군으로, 50%이하로 증가한 환자를 비반응군으로 나누어 병일 10일째와 30일째 환자의 생존률을 각각 비교하였다. 결 과 : 1) 폐포모집술 시행 후 P/F 비가 50% 이상 증가한 환자는 12명이었고 시행 전, 후 P/F 비는 각각 $92{\pm}25mmHg$, $244{\pm}86mmHg$으로 의미있게 증가하였다. P/F 비가 50%이하 증가한 경우는8명으로 P/F 비는 각각 $138{\pm}37mmHg$, $163{\pm}60mmHg$이었다. P/F 비가 50% 이하 증가한 8명의 환자 중 2명은 복와위 시도 후 50%이상의 증가를 보였다. 2). 폐포모집술과 복와위 시도 후 P/F 비가 50% 이상 증가를 보인 14명의 반응군 환자의 병일 10일째와 30일째 생존률은 각각 12명(86%), 8명(57%)이었고, 비반응군 환자는 각각 2명(33%), 0명(0%)으로 반응군이 비반응군에 비해 의미있게 높았다(p<0.05). 3). 반응군과 비반응군에서 환자의 연령($71{\pm}11$, $60{\pm}14$), 폐손상점수($2.8{\pm}0.2$, $2.9{\pm}0.45$), SAPS II ($35{\pm}4.6$, $34{\pm}5.7$), 유지한 호기말양압의 정도($15.6{\pm}1.9cmH_2O$, $14.5{\pm}2.1cmH_2O$) 등은 각각 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 결 론 : 폐포모집술을 시행한 급성호흡곤란증후군 일부의 환자에서 산소화 호전 반응을 보였으며, 폐포모집술에 호전 반응을 보인 급성호흡곤란증후군 환자가 호전 반응을 보이지 않은 환자에 비해 병일 10일, 30일의 생존률이 의미있게 높았다.

Keywords

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