성인 경부 림프절 비대 환자들에서 미세침 흡인 세포검사법의 유용성과 문제점: 342 증례의 분석

Usefulness and Limitations of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Adult Cervical Lymph Node Enlargement Patients: An analysis of 342 cases

  • 이재호 (서울대학교 의과대학 내과학교실)
  • Lee, Jaeho (Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
  • 발행 : 2004.01.30

초록

연구 배경 : 미세침 흡인 세포검사법은 말초 림프절 비대의 원인규명에 매우 우수한 선별검사로 알려져 있으나 각 원인질환이나 림프절의 이학적 소견에 따른 유용성이나 검사한계에 대한 연구는 아직 미진하다. 방 법 : 경부 림프절 비대를 주소로 내원한 16세 이상 성인환자들 중 진단을 위해 미세침 흡인 세포검사법을 시행 받고 외과적 조직 생검, 미생물 검사, 임상적추적관찰 등을 통해 최종 진단이 가능했던 342명을 대상으로 검사의 예민도와 유용성, 문제점이 각 원인 질환이나 림프절의 이학적 소견에 따라서 어떠한지를 후향적으로 알아보았다. 결 과 : 342명의 림프절 비대 환자 중 양성 병변은 176예인 51.5 %, 결핵성 림프절염은 88예로 25.7 %, 악성 종양의 전이는 66예로 19.3 %, 그리고 림프종은 12예로 3.5 %였다. 결핵성 림프절염, 악성 종양의 전이, 림프종 등으로 최종 진단된 환자군들은 양성 병변에 비해서 높은 연령을 보였고 남성이 많았으며 빗장위 림프절을 침범한 경우가 많았다. 림프절의 이학적 특징에서도 림프절의 평균 크기가 특이 질환이 있는 군에서 양성 병변인 군에 비해서 유의하게 컸으며 20 mm 이상의 크기를 가진 환자들의 수도 유의하게 많았다. 악성 종양의 전이인 경우에는 고정화됐거나 굳은 경도를 가진 경우가 유의하게 많았다. 미세침 흡인 세포검사법은 전체적으로 88 %의 진단 예민도를 보였으며 악성 종양의 전이인 경우가 90.1 % 로 가장 높았고 림프종인 경우에 58.3% 로 가장 낮았다 양성 병변인 경우는 88.6 %, 결핵성 림프절염인 경우는 77.3 %의 예민도를 보였다. 미세침 흡인 세포검사법의 진단 예민도는 질환의 종류나 비대 기간, 림프절의 크기 등과 관련이 없었고 다만 빗장위 림프절인 경우에는 80.0 % 로 다른경부 림프절의 91.3 % 에 비해서 유의하게 낮은 예 민도를 보였다.결 론 : 미세침 흡인 세포검사법은 림프절 비대의 원인 감별에 우수한 선별진단법으로 판단되나 림프종이 의심되거나 빗장위 림프절의 경우에는 낮은 진단율을 보이므로 주의해야 한다.

Background : Many diseases like lung cancer and tuberculosis can involve cervical lymph node. Fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) was known as a useful screening test for the evaluation of enlarged lymph node. But the usefulness and limitations of FNAC according to disease category or physical characteristics of lymph node were not yet fully established. Methods : Retrospective analysis of three hundred forty two adult patients who performed FNAC due to enlarged cervical lymph nodes at the Seoul Municipal Boramae Hospital during the period from January 1999 to December 2002 and final diagnosis could be made by surgical biopsy, microbiology or clinical observation. Results : Among the 342 cases, 176(51.5 %) were finally diagnosed as benign nature ncluding reactive hyperplasia, Kikuchi's disease and acute suppuration. Eighty eight(25.7 %) were diagnosed as tuberculous lymphadenitis, 66(19.3 %) as metastasis, and 12(3.5 %) as lymphoma. Tuberculosis, metastasis, and lymphoma all showed significantly larger diameter, longer duration of lymph node enlargement. There were higher frequency of supraclavicular involvement in the cases of tuberculosis and metastasis. The overall diagnostic sensitivity of FNAC was 88.0 %, and 88.6 % in benign nature lesion, 77.3 % in tuberculosis, 90.1% in metastasis and 58.3 % in lymphoma. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was made by FNAC in 68 cases (77.3 %) among 88 cases. Lung cancer(43.9 percent) was most frequent cause of cervical lymph node metastasis. Diagnostic sensitivity of FNAC was significantly lower in the supraclavicular than other cervical lymph node(80 % vs. 91.3 %) and not correlated with disease nature, node size or number. Conclusion : Though FNAC was a reliable screening test for enlarged cervical lymph node enlargement, the diagnostic sensitivity was low in the case of lymphoma or when the enlarged lymph node was located at the supraclavicular area.

키워드

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