Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회지)

Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회)
권호 표지

Characteristics of First Flush in Highway Storm Runoff

강우시 발생하는 고속도로 유출수의 초기우수 특성 및 기준

  • Kim, Lee-Hyung (Dept. of Civil & Environment Engineering, Disaster Prevention Research Center, Kongju National University) ;
  • Kang, Joohyon (Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California)
  • Received : 2004.07.12
  • Accepted : 2004.10.12
  • Published : 2004.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Vehicle emissions from highway landuse include different pollutants such as heavy metals, oil and grease and particulates from fuels, brake pad wear and tire wear. Since highways are impervious and have high pollutant mass emissions from vehicular activity, it is considered as stormwater intensive landuses. Therefore this research was performed to understand the magnitude of first flush and to suggest the criteria of first flush for storm runoff management in highways. The fractions of washed-off mass are very high in first 30% of runoff volume, which suggests a definition of first flush. The washed-off mass stabilizes after 30% of the runoff volume and it is apparent that treatment capacity in the early part of a storm is more valuable than treatment capacity in the later part of the storm. Using the criteria of "high" first flush and "medium" first flush, as 50% of the mass in the first 30% of the volume, and 30 to 50% in the first 30% volume, respectively, more than 30% of the storms showed high first flush. A "first flush friendly" best management practice(BMP), meaning a BMP that can treat a high percentage or all of the initial flow, would be advantageous up to 80% of the events.

Keywords

References

  1. 김이형, 강주현, 고속도로 강우 유출수내 오염물질의 EMCs 및 부하량 원단위 산정, 한국물환경학회지, 20(6), pp 631-640
  2. Bertrand-Krajewski, J., Chebbo, G., and Saget, A., Distribution of pollutant mass vs volume in stormwater discharges and the first flush phenomenon, Wat. Res., 32(8), pp. 2341-2356 (1998)
  3. Deletic, A.B., and Mahsimivic, C.T., Evaluation of water quality factors in storm runoff from paved areas, J. of Environ. Engineering, 124(9), pp. 869-879 (1998)
  4. Geiger, W., Flushing effects in combined sewer systems, Proceedings of the 4th into Conf on Urban Drainage, pp. 40-46, Lausanne, Switzerland (1987)
  5. Kim, L.-H., Monitoring and Modeling of Pollutant Mass in Urban Runoff: Washoff. Buildup and Litter, Dissertation of Ph. D., University of California (2002)
  6. Kim, L.-H., Kayhanian, K., Lau, S.-L., and Stenstrom, M.K., A new modeling approach in estimating first flush metal mass loading, Proceedings of 7th int. Conf. on Diffuse Pollution, August, Dublin, Ireland (2003)
  7. Ma, M., Khan, S., Li, S., Kim, L.-H., Ha, S., Lau, S., Kayhanian, M., and Stenstrom, M. K., First Flush Phenomena for Highways: How it can be meaningfully defined, Proceedings of 9th int. Conf. on Urban Drainage, September, Portland, Oregon (2002)
  8. Saget, A., Chebbo, G., and Bertrand-Krajewski, J., The first flush in sewer system, Proceeding of the 4th int. Conf. on Sewer Solids-Characteristics. Movement. Effects and Control, pp. 58-65, Dundee, UK (1995)
  9. Sansalone, J.J., and Buchberger, S.G., Partitioning and first flush of metals in urban roadway storm water, J. of Environ. Engineering, 123(2), pp. 134-143 (1997)
  10. Thornton, R.C., and Saul, A.J., Temporal variation of pollutants in two combined sewer systems, Proceedings of the 4th Int. Conf. on Urban Drainage, pp. 51-52, Lausanne, Switzerland (1987)
  11. Vorreiter, L., and Hickey, C., Incidence of the first flush phenomenon in catchments of the Sydney region, National Conf. Publication-institution of Engineers, 3, pp. 359-364, Australia (1994)