DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effective Navigation Aids in Virtual Environments

가상 환경에서의 효과적인 네비게이션을 위한 도구 분석

  • 임동관 (포항공과대학교 기계산업공학부 산업공학과) ;
  • 한성호 (포항공과대학교 기계산업공학부 산업공학과) ;
  • 류종현 (포항공과대학교 컴퓨터공학과) ;
  • 선미선 (포항공과대학교 기계산업공학부 산업공학과)
  • Published : 2004.02.29

Abstract

This study examines different types of navigation aids when a navigator performs target search tasks in Virtual Environments. The factors manipulated in this study include target information (None/Landmark). navigational difficulty (Easy/Difficult). and map types (None/2D Map/3D Map). Navigation performance was measured by using task completion time and the number of target locations that was remembered by the navigator. In addition, user satisfaction on the navigation aids was also measured by using a 7-point Likert's scale. The results showed that the user satisfaction on the landmark was high when the 3D Map was provided. The task completion time shortened when navigational difficulty was set at "easy." The number of remembered target locations was large when there was no landmark. It was also large with an easy navigation task. or a map (20 or 3D) provided. Guidelines for selecting navigation aids were proposed based on the results.

Keywords

References

  1. Bowman. D. A., Koller. D., Hodges L. F. . A Methodology for the Evaluation of Travel Techniques for Immersive Virtual Environments. Virtual Reality: Research. Development. and Applications. 3(2). 120-131. 1998
  2. Darken. R. P. and Sibert, J. L., 'A Toolset for Navigation in Virtual Environments'. Proceedings of ACM User Interface Software & Technology. pp. 157-165, 1993
  3. Darken. R. P.. Navigating Large Virtual Spaces. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 8(1), 49-72. 1996
  4. Elvins. T. T.. Nadeau. D. R.. Kirsh. D.. 'Worldlets - 3D Thumbnails for Wayfinding in Virtual Environments'. Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. pp. 21-30. 1997
  5. Evans. J. L. and Stevens. A..Measures of Graphical Complexity for Navigation and Route Guidance Displays. Displays. 17. 89-93. 1997
  6. Keppel. G. . Design and Analysis: A Researcher's Handbook (Brd ed.). Englewood Cliffs. Prentice-Hall inc.: New Jersey. 1991
  7. Kim. B. S.. Han. S. H.. Nam, K.. Park. J.. Han. S.. Presenting Map information on a Global Positioning System. Computers and Industrial Engineering. 33(3-4). 529-532. 1997
  8. Montgomery. D. C.. Design and Analysis of Experiments (5th ed.). Wiley: New York. 2001
  9. Satalich, G.. Navigation and Wayfinding in Virtual Reality: Finding the Proper Tools and Cues to Enhance Navigational Awareness. Master's Thesis. University of Washington. Seattle. 1995
  10. Steakley, R.. Conway. M. J., Pausch. R.. 'Virtual Reality on a WIM: Interactive Worlds in 3D Map'. Proceedings of CHI'95. pp. 265-272. 1995
  11. Vinson. N. G.. 'Design Guidelines for Landmarks to Support Navigation in Virtual Environments'. Proceedings of CHI '99. pp. 278-285. 1999
  12. Wickens. C. D.. Engineering Psychology and Human Performance ($3^{rd}$ ed.). Prentice-Hall inc.: New Jersey. 2000