Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
권호 표지

Effects of 835-MHz Radiofrequency Radiation on the Chromosomal DNA of Mouse Thymic Lymphoma L5178Y $Tk^{+/-}$ Cells

  • Choi, Jong-Soon (Proteome Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute) ;
  • Son, TaeHo (Department of Information Technology Engineering) ;
  • Chang, Sung-Keun (Division of Applied Science, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Hong, Sae-Yong (Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonam Hospital)
  • Published : 2004.12.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was focused on the risk assessment of whether radiofrequency electromagnetic fields generated by mobile phone is cytogenetically toxic or not. We conducted the effects of 835-MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) on DNA strand breaks in mouse thymic lymphoma L5178Y $Tk^{+/1-}$ cells using alkaline comet assay. EMF frequency 835-MHz we chosen is one of the most popular communication frequency bands in Korean code-division multiple-access (CDMA) mobile phone system. The cells were exposed to 835-MHz EMF alone or 835-MHz EMF combined with cyclophosamide(CPA) or 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) at specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4.0 W $kg^{-l}$ for 24 and 48hrs. DNA damage expressed as tail moment was increased more than two-fold after exposure to 835-MHz EMF for 24 and 48hr. In particular, CPA for 48hr and 4NQO for 24 hr enhanced notably the tail moment to 9-fold and 16-fold in the presence of 835-MHz EMF, respectively, compared to each single treatment. From these results, it appears that exposure to CDMA-mobile phone radiation at 835-MHz frequency may potentiate DNA strand breaks of mouse thymic lymphoma L5178Y $Tk^{+/1-}$;cells under the defined conditions of this study.

Keywords

References

  1. Chang SK, JS Choi, JO Yang, EY Lee, YS Jeon, ZW Lee, M Lee, MY Hong, TH Son and SY Hong. 2004. Genotoxicity evaluation of electromagnetic fields generated by 835-MHz mobile phone frequency band. Eur. J. Cancer Prevo in press
  2. Gandhi OP and G Kang. 2002. Some present problems and a proposed experimental phantom for SAR compliance testing of cellular telephones at 835 and 1900 MHz. Phys. Med. BioI. 47:1501-1508 https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/47/9/306
  3. Goswami PC, LD Albee, AJ Parsian, JD Baty, EG Moros, WF Pickard, JL Roti Roti and CR Hunt. 1999. Protooncogene mRNA levels and activities of multiple transcription factors in C3H 10Tl/2 murine embryonic fibroblasts exposed to 835.62 and 847.74 MHz cellular phone communication frequency radiation. Radiat. Res 151:200-309
  4. Hengstler JG, A Hengst, J Fuchs, B Tanner, J Pohl and F Oesch. 1997. Induction of DNA crosslinks and DNA strand lesions by cyclophosphamide after activation by cytochrome P450 2Bl. Mut. Res. 373:215-223 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0027-5107(96)00200-X
  5. Hone P, A Edwards, J Halls, R Cox and D Lloyd. 2003. Possible associations between ELF electromagnetic fields, DNA damage response processes and childhood leukemia. Br. J. Cancer 88:1939-1941 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6601010
  6. Ivancsits S, E Diem, A Pilger, HW Rudiger and O Jahn. 2002. Induction of DNA strand breaks by intermittent exposure to extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields in human diploid fibroblasts. Mutat. Res. 519:113
  7. Lai H and NP Singh. 1996. Single- and double-strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells after acute exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. Int. J. Radiat. BioI. 69:513-521 https://doi.org/10.1080/095530096145814
  8. Lai Hand NP Singh. 1997. Melatonin and N-tert-butyl-$\alpha$ phenylnitrone block 60-Hz magnetic field-induced DNA single and double strand breaks in rat brain cells. J. Pineal Res. 22:152-162 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.1997.tb00317.x
  9. Malyapa RS, EW Ahern, WL Straube, EG Moros, WF Pickard and JL Roti Roti. 1997. Measurement of DNA damage after exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the cellular phone communication frequency band (835.62 and 847.74 MHz). Radiat. Res. 148:618-627 https://doi.org/10.2307/3579738
  10. Miyakoshi J, M Yoshida, K Shibuya and M Horaoka. 2000. Exposure to strong magnetic fields at power frequency potentiates X-ray-induced DNA strand breaks. J. Radiat. Res. 41:293-302 https://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.41.293
  11. Narita K, K Hanakawa, T Kasahara, T Hisamitsu and K Asano. 1997. Induction of apoptotic cell death in human leukemic cell line, HL-60, by extremely low fre frequency electric magnetic fields: analysis of the possible mechanisms in vitro. In Vivo 11:329-335
  12. Roti Roti JL, RS Malyapa, KS Bisht, EW Ahern, EG Moros, WF Pickard and WL Straube. 2001. Neoplastic transformation in C3H 10Tl/2 cells after exposure to 835.62 MHz FDMA and 847.74 MHz CDMA radiations. Radiat. Res. 155:239-247 https://doi.org/10.1667/0033-7587(2001)155[0239:NTICCA]2.0.CO;2
  13. Salford LG, AE Brun, JL Eberhardt, L Malmgren and BR Persson. 2003. Nerve cell damage in mammalian brain after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones. Environ. Health Perspect. 111:881-883 https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6039
  14. Tian F, T Nakahara, K Wake, M Taki and J Miyakoshi. 2002. Exposure to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic fields induces hsp70 at a high SAR of more than 20Wkg-1 but not at 5 Wkg-1 in human glioma M054 cells. Int. J. Radiat. BioI. 78:433-440 https://doi.org/10.1080/09553000110115649
  15. Tice R, E Agurell, D Anderson, B Burlinson, A Hartmann and H Kobashi. 2000. Single cell gel/comet assay: guidelines for in vito and in vivo genetic toxicology testing. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 35:206-221 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(2000)35:3<206::AID-EM8>3.0.CO;2-J
  16. Valentin-Severin I, L Le Hagarat, JC Lhuguenot, AM Le Bon and MC Changnon. 2003. Use of HepG2 cell line for direct or indirect mutagens screening: comparative investigation between comet and micronucleus assays. Mut. Res. 536:79-90 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(03)00031-7
  17. Zeni O, AS Chiavoni, A Sannino, A Antolini, D Forigo, F Bersani and MR Scarfi. 2003. Lack of genotoxic effects (micronucleus induction) in human lymphocytes exposed in vitro to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields. Radiat. Res. 160:152-158 https://doi.org/10.1667/RR3014