Journal of Korean Society of Transportation (대한교통학회지)

Korean Society of Transportation (대한교통학회)
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A study on Application of the Rate Quality Control Method of Over-dispersed Traffic Crash Data

과분산된 교통사고자료에 대한 한계사고율법의 적용에 관한 연구

  • 성낙문 (교통개발연구원 광역도시교통연구실)
  • Published : 2004.02.28
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Abstract

In conducting traffic safety programs, it is very important to identify hazardous sites in appropriate manner. The rate qualify control method is generally used in identifying hazardous sites since it can interpret the sites in the statistic aspects. The rate qualify control method is based on the assumption that the occurrences of traffic crashes follow the Poisson's distribution in which the expected value of traffic crashes equals the variance of those. However, there is greater variability than expected statistically, we call this phenomenon over dispersion. This study analyzed the problem related to the rate quality control method under the over dispersed data, and established a methodology to solve the problem. As a result of test on the basis of the field data, the new approach produced more reasonable results than those of the Poisson based rate quality control method.

교통안전프로그램을 수행하는데 있어서 위험지점을 적합하게 선정한다는 것은 매우 중요하다. 위험지점을 선정하는데 있어서 한계사고율법은 불확실성을 가지는 교통사고를 통계학적으로 해석 할 수 있다는 장점 때문에 자주 사용되어지는 방법이다. 한계사고율법은 교통사고의 발생이 포아송분포를 따른다는 가정에 기반을 두고 있으며 포아송분포에서는 교통사고의 기대값과 분산이 산술적으로 동일하다. 그러나 실제 교통사고자료에는 분산이 기대값보다 큰 현상이 자주 발생하는데 이것을 통계학적으로 과분산이라 정의하며 도로 및 교통여건이 변화하는 한 교통사고자료의 분석시 흔히 발생하는 현상이다. 본 연구에서는 과분산이 발생했을 때 포아송분포에 기반한 한계사고율법의 문제점을 분석하고 극복할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 또한 실제 관측자료를 토대로 본 연구에서 정립된 방법이 기존의 방법보다 통계학적인 측면에서 타당한 결과를 왔다.

Keywords

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