합성화학물질들의 유전독성평가(Ⅸ) -합성 제초제 Pretilachlor -

Evaluation of the Genetic Toxicity of Synthetic Chemicals (Ⅸ) a Synthetic Selective Herbicide, Pretilachlor-

  • 류재천 (한국과학기술연구원, 생체대사연구센터, 독성연구실) ;
  • 김연정 (한국과학기술연구원, 생체대사연구센터, 독성연구실)
  • 발행 : 2004.03.01

초록

Pretilachlor [2-chloro-N -(2, 6-diethylphenyl)-N-(2-propoxyethyl) acetamide, $C_{17}$H$_{26}$ClNo$_2$, M.W.=311.9, CAS No.51218-49-6]는 제초제의 일종으로 본 연구에서는 박테리아 복귀 돌연변이 시험과 포유동물 세포를 이용한 염색체 이상 시험 및 마우스를 이용한 in vivo소핵 시험을 수행하여 pretilachlor의 유전독성을 평가하였다. 박테리아 복귀 돌연변이 시험에서 pretilachlor는 Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA 100, TA1535, TA1537 균주의 대사 활성계 존재 및 부재시 313-5,000$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate의 범위에서 농도 의존적인 돌연변이 율의 증가를 관찰할 수 없었다. 또한 포유동물 세포인 Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast를 이용한 염색체 이상 시험에서 pretilachlor는 대사 활성계 존재 및 부재시 1.56-6.24$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL의 농도에서 clastogenicity를 보이지 않았고, 137.5-550.1 mg/kg의 pretilachlor를 복강 주사한 마우스의 골수세포를 이용한 in vivo소핵 시험의 결과에서도 통계적으로 유의한 소핵 유발능을 관찰할 수 없었다었다

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Altman DG. Comparing groups-categorical data : Practical Statistics for Medical Research. Chapman & Hall, Lon-don,1993; 229-276
  2. Ames BN, Durston WE, Yamasaki E and Lee FD. Carcino-gens are mutagens : a simple test system combining liver homogenates for activation and bacteria for detection, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1973; 70: 2281-2285 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.70.8.2281
  3. Ames BN, McCann J and Yamasaki E. Method for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with Satmonellalmammalian-microsome mutagenicity test, Mutation Res. 1975; 31: 347-364 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(75)90046-1
  4. Hayashi M, Kodama Y, Awogi T, Suzuki T, Asita AO and Sofuni T. The micronucleus assay using peripheral blood reticulocytes from mitomycin C- and cyclophosphamidetreated rats, Mutation Res. 1992; 278: 209-213 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1218(92)90236-S
  5. Hayashi M, Maki-Paakkanen J, Tanabe H, Honma M, Suzuki T, Matsuoka A, Mizusawa H and Sofuni T. Iso-lation of micronuclei from mouse blood and fluores-cence in situ hybridization with a mouse centromeric DNA probe, Mutation Res. 1994; 307: 245-251 https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(94)90298-4
  6. Heo MY, Kim JH and Ryu JC. Anticlastogenicity of betacarotene and galangin using in vivo supravital staining micronucleus test, Environ. Mutagens & Carcinogens 1997; 17: 92-96
  7. Ishidate M and Odashima S. Chromosome test with 134 compounds on chinese hamster cells in vitro-A screen-ing for chemical carcinogens, Mutation Res. 1977; 48:337-354 https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(77)90177-4
  8. JEMS-MMS Atlas of chromosome aberration by chemi-cals, Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society-Mam-malian Mutagenicity Study Group. Tokyo, 1998
  9. Kim YJ, Park HJ, Kim Y, Kim MK, Lee SH, Jung SH and Ryu JC. Genotoxicity Study of sophoricoside. A con-stituent of Sophora japonica, in bacterial and mam-malian cell system, Environmental Mutagens & Car-cinogens 2001; 21(2): 99-105
  10. Maron DM and Ames BN. Revised methods for the Salmo-netta mutagenicity test, Mutation Res. 1983; 113: 173-215 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(83)90010-9
  11. McCann J, Choi E, Yamasaki E and Ames BN. Detection of carcinogens as mutagens in the Salmonella/microsometest : assay of 300 chemicals, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1975; 72: 5135-5139 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.72.12.5135
  12. Meselson M and Russell K. Comparison of carcinogenic and mutagenic potency. In Hiatt HH, Watson JD and Winstend JA (Eds.). Origin of Human Cancer. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 1991; 1473-1481
  13. Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival : Application to proliferation and cytotoxi-city assays, J. Immunol. Methods 1983; 65: 55-63 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4
  14. OECD. OECD giudeline for the testing of chemicals, Doc-uments 473, Genetic toxicology : in vitro mammalian cytogenetic test. Organization for Economic Coopera-tion and Development, Paris, France. 1993
  15. Ryu JC, Lee S, Kim KR, Kim M, Chang IM and Park JA. study on the clastogenicity of trichothecene mycotoxins in chinese hamster lung cells. Korean J. Toxicol. 1993; 9: 13-21
  16. Ryu JC, Lee S, Kim KR and Park J. Evaluation of the genet-ic toxicity of synthetic chemicals (I). Chromosomal aberration test on chinese hamster lung cells in vitro, Environ. Mutagens & Carcinogens 1994; 14: 138-144
  17. Ryu JC, Kim KR, Kim HJ, Ryu EK, Lee SY, Jung SO, Youn JY, Kim MH and Kwon OS. Evaluation of the genetic toxicity of synthetic chemicals (II). a pyrethroid insecticide, fenpropathrin, Arch. Pharm. Res. 1996a; 19: 251-257 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976235
  18. Ryu JC, Kim KR, Ryu EK, Kim HJ, Kwon OS, Song CE, Mar W and Chang IM. Chromosomal aberration assay of taxol and 10-deacetyl baccatin III in chinese hamster lung cells in vitro, Environ. Mutagens & Carcinogens 1996b; 16:6-12
  19. Ryu JC, Kim HJ, Seo YR and Kim KR. Single cell gel elec-trophoresis (comet assay) to detect DNA damage and apoptosis in cell level, Environ. Mutagens & Carcinogens 1997; 17: 71-77
  20. Ryu JC, Kim KR, Kim HJ, Jung SO, Kim MK, Park HS and Kim YH. Acute and Genetic Toxicity Study of DK 1002, a Drug Candidate for Analgesics, J. Toxicol. Pub. Health 1998a; 14(3): 427-433
  21. Ryu JC, Kim KR, Kim HJ, Myung SW, Kim GH, Lee MJ and Chang IM. Genoto-xicity Study of Bojungchisuptang, an oriental herbal decoction-in vitro chromosome aberration assay in chinese hamster lung cells and in vitro supravital-staining micronucleus assay with mouse peripheral reticulocytes, Arch. Pharm. Res. 1998b; 21(4):391-397 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02974632
  22. Ryu JC, Youn JY, Kim Cho KH and Chang IM. Transgenic Mutagenesis assay to elucidate the mechanism of muta-tion in gene level, Environ. Mutagen & Carcinogen 1998c; 18(1): 1-7 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6866(1998)18:1<1::AID-TCM1>3.0.CO;2-K
  23. Ryu JC, Youn JY, Cho KH and Chang IM. Mutation spec-trum in lac I gene of transgenic Big Blue cell line fol-lowing to short term exposure 4-nitroquino1ine N-oxide, Environ. Mol. Mutagenesis 1998d; 31(29): 16
  24. Ryu JC, Kim KR and Choi YJ. in vitro mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase (tk+/-) gene forward mutation assayin mammalian cells, Environ. Mutagen & Carcinogen 1999a; 19(1): 7-13
  25. Ryu JC, Youn JY, Kim YJ, Kwon OS, Kim HT, Cho KH and Chang IM. Mutation spectrum of 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide in the lac I transgenic Big Blue Rat2 cell line, Mutation Res. 1999b; 445: 127-135 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(99)00136-9
  26. Ryu JC, Kim YJ, Kim HT and Chai YG. Genotoxicity Assessment of atrazine in the Big Blue rat2 lac I trans-genic cell line, Environ. Mol. Mutagenesis 2000; 35(31):52 (No. 176)
  27. Ryu JC, Seo YR, Smith MA and Han SS. The Effect of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)-induced excision repair on p53-dependent apoptosis in human lymphoid cells, Res. Comm. Mol. Pathol. and Pharmacol. 2001a 109(1,2): 35-51
  28. Ryu JC, Kim KR, Lee S and Park J. Evaluation of the genet-ic toxicity of synthetic chemicals (III), Chromosomal aberration assay with 28 chemicals in chinese hamsterlung cells in vitro, Environ. Mutagens & Carcinogens, 2001b;21(1): 14-22
  29. Ryu JC and Park KY. Anticlastogenic effect of Baechu (Chinese cabbage) Kimchi and Buchu (leek) Kimchi in supravital staining micronucleus assay using peripheral reticulocytes of mouse, Environ. Mutagens & Carcinogens 2001c; 21(1): 51-56
  30. Ryu JC, Kwon OS and Kirn HT. Optimal conditions of Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet) Assay to detect DNA single strand breaks in mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells, Environ. Mutagens & Carcinogens 2001d; 21(2): 89-94
  31. Ryu JC, Kim YJ and Chai YG. Mutation spectrum of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, an endocrine disruptor, in the lac 1 tranasgenic Big Blue Rat2 fibroblast cell line, Mutagenesis 2002a: 17(4): 301-307 https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/17.4.301
  32. Ryu JC, Kim HT and Kim YJ. Studies on DNA single strand break of seven phthalate analogues in mouse lymphoma cells, Environ. Mutagens & Carcinogens 2002b; 22(3): 164-168
  33. Ryu JC, Kim KR and Kim YJ. Evaluation of the Genetic Toxicity of Synthetic Chemicals (IV)-in vitro chromo-somal aberration assay with 18 chemicals in Chinese hamster lung cells-, Environ. Mutagens & Carcinogens 2002c;22(3): 149-156
  34. Ryu JC, Kim KR, Kim YJ and Choi HY. Evaluation of the Genetic Toxicity of Synthetic Chemicals (V)-in vitro chromosomal aberration assay with 17 chemicals in Chinese hamster lung cells-, Environ. Mutagens & Carcinogens 2002d: 22(4): 215-222
  35. Ryu JC, Kim KR, Kim YJ and Jeon HK. Evaluation of the aenetic toxicity of synthetic chemicals (VI)-in vitro chromosomal aberration assay with 17 chemicals in Chi-nese hamster lung cells-, J. Environ. Toxicol. 2003a; 18(2): 111-120
  36. Ryu JC and Kim KR. Evaluation of the genetic toxicity of synthetic chemicals (VII)-a synthetic selective herbi-cide, Pendimethalin-, J. Environ. Toxicol. 2003b; 18(2): 121-129
  37. Ryu JC, Kim KR and Kim YJ. Evaluation of the genetic toxicity of synthetic chemicals (VIII)-in vivo bone mar-row micronucleus assay of 8 synthetic chemicals in mice, J. Environ. Toxicol. 2003c; 18(2): 137-143 https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.10111
  38. Schmid W. The micronucleus test. Mutation Res. 1975; 31: 9-15 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(75)90058-8
  39. Tice RR, Agurell E, Anderson D, Burlinson B, Hartmann A, Kobayashi H, Miyamae Y, Rojas E, Ryu JC and Sasaki YF. Single cell gel/comet assay : Guidelines for in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicology testing, Environ. Mol.Mutagenesis 2000; 35(3): 206-221 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(2000)35:3<206::AID-EM8>3.0.CO;2-J
  40. Tomlin CDS. The pesticide manual, British Crop Protection Council 2000; 12:714-715