Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers (한국전기전자재료학회논문지)

The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers (한국전기전자재료학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Annealing Effect and Tunability of BaZr0.08Ti0.92O3 Polycrystal Grown in N2 Gas Atmosphere by Floating Zone Technique

Floating Zone Technique법으로 질소분위기 하에서 성장한 BaZr0.08Ti0.92O3 다결정의 Tunability 및 열처리 효과

  • 황호병 (대전대학교 전자재료과학과)
  • Published : 2004.11.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In the atmosphere of $N_2$ gas, BaZ $r_{0.08}$ $Ti_{0.92}$ $O_3$ polycrystal was grown by floating zone technique using BaZ $r_{0.08}$ $Ti_{0.92}$ $O_3$ ceramics as a feed and SrTi $O_3$(1l0) single cystal as a seed. The dielectric constant and loss at 10 kHz, 100 kHz, and 1 MHz for the as-grown sample were measured as a function of temperature in the temperature range between -10$0^{\circ}C$ and 150 $^{\circ}C$ to find a dielectric peak with frequency dispersion at Curie point. The hysteresis loop showed that the grown sample had very small polarization which was 0-0.01 $\mu$C/$\textrm{cm}^2$ for the applied dc-electric fields from -7 kV/cm to +7 kV/cm. However, the normal hysteresis loop was appeared after oxygen annealing. The electric-field dependence of the dielectric constant for both the as-grown and the post-annealed samples was studied by measuring the dielectric constants as a function of the biased-electric fields and their tunability was figured out from it at room temperature(27 $^{\circ}C$) and cryotemperature( -73$^{\circ}C$). Tunability for the as-grown sample was 51 % and the figure of merit 20.4 at 10kHz with the biased electric-field of 12 kV/cm. The tunability for the grown sample may be increased up to 80 % if the electric field of 25 kV/cm is applied. Tunability for the post-annealed sample was 41 % and the figure of merit 10.3 at 10 kHz with the biased electric-field of 12 kV /cm. Post-annealing improved the crystallinity of the as-grown sample but decreased its tunability.ability.

Keywords

References

  1. O. G. Vendik, 'Dielectric nonlinearity of the displacive ferroelectrics at UHF', Ferroelectrics, Vol. 12, p. 85, 1976 https://doi.org/10.1080/00150197608241397
  2. D. Galt, J. Price, J. A. Beall, and R. H. Ono, 'Characterization of a tunable thin film microwave $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$/$SrTiO_3$ coplanar capacitor', Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 63, p. 3078, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.110238
  3. R. E. Treece, J. B. Thompson, C. H. Mueller, T. Rivkin, and M. W Cromar, 'Optimization of $SrTiO_3$ for applications in tunable resonant circuits', IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., Vol. 7, No. 2, p. 2363, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1109/77.621714
  4. F. W. Van Keuls, R. R. Romanofsky, D. Y. Bohman, M. D. Winter, F. A. Miranda, C. H. Mueller, Rt. E. Treece, T. V. Rivkin, and D. Galt, '$(YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta},Au)$/$SrTiO_3$/$LaAlO_3$ thin film conductor/ferroelectric coupled microstripline phase shifters for phased array applications', Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 71(21), p. 3075, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.120251
  5. D. Gait, J. Price, J. A. Beall, and T. E. Harvey, 'Ferroelectric Thin Film Characterization Using Superconducting Microstrip Resonatos,' IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercon. Vol. 5, No. 2, p. 2575, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1109/77.403116
  6. A. Chen, A. S. Bhalla, R. Guo, and L. E. Cross, 'Dielectric loss of SrTiO3 single crystals under direct current bias', Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 76(14), p. 1929, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.126215
  7. H. Jian-hua, S. Weidong, X. X. Xi, R. Guo, A. S. Bhalla, and L. E. Cross, 'Dielectric properties of pulsed-laser-deposited calcium titanate thin films', Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 76(21), p. 3100, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.126536
  8. A. Chen, A. S. Bhalla, and L. E. Cross, 'Dielectric behavior of paraelectric KTaO3,CaTiO_3, and (Ln1/2Na1/2)TiO3 under a dc electric field', Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 64(18), p. 1841041, 2001
  9. A. Chen, A. S. Bhalla, R. Guo, and L.E. Cross, "Effect of dc bias on dielectric properties of Cd2Nb2O7 ceramics", J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 90(5), p. 2465, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1388856
  10. Y. Zhi, A. Chen, R. Guo, and A.S. Bhalla, 'Dielectric properties and high tunability of $Ba(Ti_{0.7}Zr{0.3})O_3$ ceramics under dc electric field', Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol 81(7), p. 1285, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1498496
  11. Y. Somiya, A. S. Bhalla, and L. E. Cross, 'Study of $(Sr, Pb)TiO_3$ ceramics on dielectric and physical properties', Int. J. Inorg. Mater., Vol. 3, p. 709, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00187-8
  12. J. Ravez, C. Broustera, and A. Simon, 'Lead-free ferroelectric relaxor ceramics in the BaTiO3-BaZrO3-CaTiO3 system', J. Mater. Chem. Vol. 9, p. 1609, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1039/a902335f
  13. A. Dixit, S. B. Majumder, Savvinov, R. S. Katiyar, R. Guo, and A. S. Bhalla, 'Investigations on the sol-gel-derived barium zirconium titanate thin films', Materials Letters, Vol. 56, p. 933, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(02)00640-7
  14. Y. Zhi, R. Guo, and A. S. Bhalla, 'Dieletric behavior of $Ba(Ti1-xZrx)O_3$ single crystals', J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 88(1), p. 410, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.373674
  15. P. W. Rehrig, S. E. Park, S. Trolier-McKinstry, G. L. Messing, B. Jones, and T.R. Shrout, 'Piezoelectric properties of zirconium-doped barium titanate single crystals grown by templated grain growth', J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 86(3), p. 1657, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.370943
  16. M. P. McNeal, S. J. Jang, and R. E. Newnham, 'The effect of grain and particle size on the microwave properties of barium titanate ($BaTiO_3$)', J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 83(6), p. 3288, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.367097
  17. M. Maglione, R. Boehmer, A. Loidl, U. T. Hoechil, 'Polar relaxation mode in pure and iron-deped barium titanate', Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 40(16), p. 11441, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.40.11441
  18. Jung Kun Lee, Young Hyun Lee, and Kug Sun Hong, 'Role of internal stress on room temperature permittivity of $BaTiO_3$ ceramics and thin films', J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 95(1), p. 219, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1632013
  19. P. S. Dobal, A. Dixit, R. S. Katiyar, Z. Yu, R. Guo, and A. S. Bhalla, 'Micro-raman scattering and dielectric in the &BaTiO_3&-$BaZrO_3$ system', J. Appl. Phys. Vol 89(12), p. 8085, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1369399
  20. M. W. Cole, W. D. Nothwang, C. Hubbard, E. Ngo, and M. Ervin, 'Low dielectric loss and enhanced tunability of $Ba_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}TiO_3$ based thin films via material compositional design and optimized processing methods', J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 93(11), p. 9218, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1569392
  21. H. N. Al-Shareef, D. Dimos, M. V. Raymond, R. W. Schwartz, and C. H. Mueller, 'Tunability and calculation of the dielectric constant of capacitor structures with interdigital electrodes', J. Electro- ceramics, Vol. 1:2, p. 145, 1997
  22. A. S. Nagra and R. A. York, 'Investigation of BST for millimeter-wave applications', Final Report 1998-1999 for Micro Project 98-181, Industrial Sponsor: M/A-COM Inc., 100 Chelmsford street, Lowell, MA 01853