DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

즉석조리식품에서의 Bacillus cereus오염실태조사 및 생육 pattern 분석

Isolation and Growth Pattern of Bacillus cereus from Ready-to-Eat Foods.

  • 김순한 (부산지방식품의약품안전청) ;
  • 김미경 (부산지방식품의약품안전) ;
  • 강민철 (부산지방식품의약품안전) ;
  • 손영욱 (부산지방식품의약품안전) ;
  • 이창희 (부산지방식품의약품안전) ;
  • 김인복 (부산지방식품의약품안전) ;
  • 이영자 (부산지방식품의약품안전) ;
  • 최수영 (부산지방식품의약품안전청)
  • 발행 : 2004.08.01

초록

국민 다소비 식품인 생선회, 패류 등의 횟감류 118건, 김밥, 햄버거 등의 도시락류 82건 및 기타 ready-to-eat(RTE) 식품 40건, 총 240건을 대상으로 Bacillus cereus의 오염실태를 조사한 결과, 횟감류 16건(13.6%), 도시락류 17건(20.7%), 기타 RTE 식품에서 3건(7.5%), 총 36건(15.0%)에서 B. cereus가 검출되었다. B. cereus의 검출은 polymyxin B를 첨가한 TSB배지를 사용한 증균배양 후, MYP agar에서 전형적인 집락을 선별하였으며, 선별된 균주들을 대상으로 그람염색, oxidase test, 혈액한천배지에서의 rhizoid growth, $\beta$-용혈성 유ㆍ무등을 통해 추정 균주들을 분리하였다. API 50CHB/20E system을 통한 생화학적 분석과 motility시험 등을 행하여 최종적으로 B. cereus로서 동정ㆍ확인하였다. 확인된 36균주 중 28균주(77.8%)가 BCET-RPLA 시험을 통해 BHI broth에서 설사형 독소를 생성하는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 항생제 감수성 시험 결과 분리균들은 ampicillin (100%), penicillin G (100%) 및 rifampicin (69.5%)에 내성을 보였으며, gentamicin (100%), vancomycin (100%), bacitracin (86.1%), chloram-phenicol (97.2%), erythromycin (69.4%), kanamycin (86.1%) 및 streptomycin (97.2%)에 감수성을 나타내었다. B. cereus의 생육은 온도와 시간에 밀접한 관련성을 보였는데, 냉장온도인 1$0^{\circ}C$이하에서는 균의 생육이 상당히 저해된 반면, 2$0^{\circ}C$ 및 3$0^{\circ}C$에 보관시에는 급격한 증식을 보여 기온이 상승하는 하절기에 특히 많은 주의가 필요하다고 판단되었다.

The contamination of Bacillus cereus was investigated in 240 RTE (ready-to-eat) food samples including 118 seafoods, 82 Korean packaged meals and 40 other RTE foods. Many B. cereus presumptive strains were isolated from the enrichment culture in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) added polymyxin, followed by selective culture in Mannitol Egg Yolk Polymyxin (MYP) agar and Gram staining. A total of 36 strains (16 in seafoods, 17 in Korean pack-aged meals and 3 in other RTE foods) were identified as B. cereus by the analysis of 61 biochemical tests of the API 50CHB/20E system test and supplementary tests of $\beta$-hemolysis, rhizoid growth, motility and oxidase activity. The 28 strains out of 36 B. cereus isolates produced diarrhoeal enter-otoxin in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin antibiotics, and most of them were susceptible to gentamicin, vancomycin, bacitracin, chloram-phenicol, kanamycin and streptomycin. The growth of B. cereus was affected by environmental temperature and incubation time. Culture with temperature under 1$0^{\circ}C$ effectively restricted the growth of B. cereus.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Ash, C. and M. D. Collins. 1992. Comparative analysis of 23S ribosomal RNA gene sequences of Bacillus anthracis and emetic Bacillus cereus determined by PCR-direct sequencing. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 94, 75-80 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05292.x
  2. Ash, C., J. A. Farrow, M. Dorsch, E. Steckerbrandt and M. D. Collins. 1991. Comparative analysis of Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus and related species on the basis of reverse transcriptase sequencing of 16S rRNA. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 41, 343-346 https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-41-3-343
  3. Claus, D. and R. C. W. Berkeley. 1986. Genus Bacillus Cohn 1986, pp. 1195-1139. In P. H. A. Sneath (ed.), Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology, Vol. 2. Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore
  4. Fang, T. J., Q. K. Wei, C. W. Liao, M. J. Hung and T. H. Wang. 2003. Microbiological quality of 18$\circ$C ready-to-eat food product sold in Taiwan. Int. J. Food. Microbiol. 80, 241-250 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00172-1
  5. Finlay, W. J. J., N. A. Logan and A. D. Sutherland. 2002. Bacillus cereus emetic toxin production in cooked rice. Food Microbiol. 19, 431-439 https://doi.org/10.1006/fmic.2002.0505
  6. Granum, P. E. 1994. Bacillus cereus and its toxins. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 76 (Suppl.), 61S-66S https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1994.tb04358.x
  7. Granum, P. E. 1997. Bacillus cereus, pp. 327-336, In Doyle, M. P., L. R. Beuchat and T. J. Montville (eds.), Food Microbiology, Fundamentals and Frontiers, ASM Press, Washington, DC
  8. Johnson, K. M. 1984. Bacillus cereus foodborne illness -an update. J. Food Prot. 47, 145-153
  9. Johnson, K. M., C. L. Nelson and F. F. Busta. 1982. Germination and heat resistance of Bacillus cereus spores from strains associated with diarrhoeal and emetic food-borne illnesses. J. Food Sci. 47, 1268-1271 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1982.tb07663.x
  10. Kaneko, J., R. Nozaki and R. Aizawa. 1978. Deoxynucleic acid relatedness between Bacillus anthracis, B, cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis. Microbiol. Immunol. 22, 639-641 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.1978.tb00414.x
  11. Kim, S. S., Y. H. Park, J. S. Lee, J. H. Yoon, Y. K. Shin, I. K. Rhee and Y. J. Kim. 1998. Taxonomic studies of the beta hemolysis-causing pathogen Bacillus cereus isolated from sea water. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 8, 67-73
  12. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 1991. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility test. ed 4. M2-M4. NCCLS. Villanova, Pa. Order from NCCLS. 771 East Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA 19085
  13. Sarrjas, J. A. M. Valero and M. C. Salmer$\'o$n. 2002. Enumeration, isolation and characterization of Bacillus cereus strains from Spanish raw rice. Food Microbiol. 19, 589-595 https://doi.org/10.1006/fmic.2002.0514
  14. Seki, T., C. Chang, H. Mikami and Y. Oshima. 1978. Deoxyribonucleic acid homology and taxonomy of the genus Bacillus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 28, 182-189 https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-28-2-182
  15. Somerville, H. J. and M. L. Jones. 1972. DNA competition studies within the Bacillus cereus group of bacilli. J. Gen. Microbiol. 73, 257-265 https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-73-2-257
  16. Valero, M., L. A. Hern$\'a$ndez-Herrero, P. S. Fern$\'a$ndez and M. C. Salmer$\'o$n. 2002. Characterization of Bacillus cereus isolates from fresh vegetables and refrigerated minimally processed foods by biochemical and physiological tests. Food Microbiol. 19, 491-499 https://doi.org/10.1006/fmic.2002.0507
  17. Woo G. J., D. H. Lee, J. S. Park, Y. S. Kang and C. M. Kim. 2002. Prevention of food poisoning outbreaks and food safety control. Food. Ind. Nutr. 7, 17-21
  18. Yokoyama, K., M. Ito, N. Agata, M. Isobe, K. Shibayama, T. Horii and M. Ohta. 1999. Pathological effect of cereulide, an emetic toxin of Bacillus cereus, is reversible in mice. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 24, 115-120 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01272.x
  19. 박종현. 2002. 복합조리식품 제조공정상의 미생물학적 위해관리. 식중독 저감화사업 연구보고서. 식품의약품안전청. pp. 235-305
  20. 박종현. 2003. 어패류에서의 식중독발생 감소를 위한 위해관리지침 작성. 식중독저감화사업 연구보고서. 식품의약품안전청. pp. 325-408
  21. 신일식. 2003. 생식 중 자연환경 유래 위해 미생물 저감화 방법에 관한 연구. 식중독저감화사업 연구보고서. 식품의약품안전청. pp. 465-513
  22. 오상석. 2003. 외국의 미생물 기준규격 운영,관리 및 식중독 통계자료 조사. 식중독저감화사업 연구보고서. 식품의약품안전청. pp. 73-210

피인용 문헌

  1. Evaluation of microbiological safety of commercial spices vol.25, pp.6, 2018, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2018.25.6.706