DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Preparation and Characterization of Liposome for Iron-Fortified Food Additive

철분 강화 식품첨가제용 리포좀의 제조 및 특성

  • Published : 2004.06.01

Abstract

Iron is an essential ingredient for all metabolism in a living body However, because of the very low content of the iron in foods, many researches have been performed about iron-fortified food additives. We developed an iron-fortified food additive using the liposome that contain ferrous sulfate and hemin. For preventing the autoxidation of the ferrous sulfate, ascorbic acid was applied. Also, to prevent the oxidation of the liposome induced by the added ferrous sulfate and/or hemin, $\alpha$ -tocopherol was additionally applied. Though the effect of the added aqueous ascorbic acid did not show the antioxidative activity on the liposome containing ferrous sulfate and/or hemin, the added $\alpha$ -tocopherol in the phospholipid bilayer could retard the oxidation of the liposome. These results support that the liposome containing ferrous sulfate, hemin and ascorbic acid with the incorporated $\alpha$ -tocopherol could be applied in the food industry as an iron-fortified additive.

철분은 생체 내에서 이루어지는 거의 모든 대사에 필수적인 성분이지만, 식음에 포함된 철분의 양은 극히 적어서 철분강화에 대한 연구가 꾸준히 진행되어 왔다. 이에 따라, 철분공여물질을 함유한 리포즘을 이용하여 철분 강화 식품첨가제를 개발하였다. 철분공여물질로 ferrous sulfate와 hemin을 사용하였으며, 이러한 철분 함유 리포좀을 제조하는데 가장 큰 문제점은 ferrous sulfate의 자체 산화와 ferrous sul fate와 hemin으로 인한 리포좀의 지질산화로 지적되었다 또한, ferrous sulfate에 의한 리포좀의 산화 정도는 hemin의 경우보다 낮은 것으로 관찰되었다. Ferrous sulfate의 자동 산화를 억제하기 위하여 수용성 항산화제인 ascorbic acid가 첨가되었으나, 첨가된 ascorbic acid는 ferrous sulfate와 hemin을 함유한 리포좀의 산화를 억제시키지 못했으며, 오히려 ferrous sulfate에 의한 리포좀의 산화를 촉진시키는 것으로 관찰되었다 여기에 지용성 항산화제인 $\alpha$-tocopherol을 추가적으로 첨가함으로써, ferrous sulfate의 자동산화를 억제하고 hemin과 ferrous sulfate에 의한 리포좀의 산화가 억제된 철분 함유 리포좀이 제조되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Finch CA, Huebers HA. 1986. Iron metabolism. Clin Physiol Biochem 4: 5-10.
  2. Hallberg L. 1981. Bioavailability of dietary iron in man. Annu Rev Nutr 1: 123-147. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.01.070181.001011
  3. Hallberg L, Rossander-Hulten L, Brune M, Gleerup A. 1992. Bioavailability in man of iron in human milk and cow's milk in relation to their calcium contents. Pediatr Res 31: 524-527. https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199205000-00024
  4. Demott BJ. 1971. Effects on flavor of fortifying milk with iron and absorption of the iron from intestinal tract of rats. J Dairy Sci 54: 1609-1614. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(71)86079-4
  5. Platt S, Nadeau DB, Gifford SR, Clydesdale FM. 1987. Protective effect of milk on mineral precipitation by Na phytate. J Food Sci 51: 240-241.
  6. Kim YJ. 1999. Iron bioavailability in iron-fortified market milk. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 28: 705-709.
  7. Kirby CJ, Brooker BE, Law BA. 1987. Accelerated ripening of cheese using liposome-encapsulated enzyme. Int J Food Sci Technol 22: 355-375.
  8. Kim HH, Baianu IC. 1991. Novel liposome microencapsulation technique for food applications. Trends in Food Sci Technol 2: 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/0924-2244(91)90622-P
  9. Paoli TD, Hager AA. 1996. Liposome containing bioavailable iron (II) and process for obtaining them. US Patent 5534268.
  10. Pelle E, Maes D, Padulo GA, Kim EK, Smith WP. 1990. An in vitro model to test relative antioxidant potential: Ultraviolet-induced lipid peroxidation in liposomes. Arch Biochem Biophys 283: 234-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(90)90637-E
  11. Stookey LL. 1970. Ferrozine-a new spectrophotometric reagent for iron. Anal Chem 42: 779-781. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60289a016
  12. Cannon JB, Kuo FS, Pasternack RF, Wong NM, Muller-Eberhard U. 1984. Kinetics of the interaction of hemin liposomes with heme binding proteins. Biochemistry 23: 3715-3721. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00311a022
  13. Kaschnitz RM, Hatefi Y. 1975. Lipid oxidation in biological membranes. Electron transfer proteins as initiators of lipid autoxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 171: 292-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(75)90036-3
  14. Goni FM, Alonso A. 1989. CRC handbook of free radicals and antioxidants in biomedicine. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. Vol 3, p 103-132.
  15. Lee YW, Hwang YI, Lee SC. 1999. Effect of liposome on the stabilization of ascorbic acid. Korean J Food Sci Technol 31: 280-284.
  16. Rhim CH, Lee YW, Lee SC, Lee SC. 1999. Effect of cholesterol in liposome on the stabilization of encapsulated ascorbic acid. J Korean Soc Agric Chem Biotechnol 42: 205-209.
  17. Kunimoto M, Inoue K, Nojima S. 1981. Effect of ferrous ion and ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation on liposomal membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 646: 169-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(81)90284-4
  18. Doba T, Burton GW, Ingold KU. 1985. Antioxidant and coantioxidantactivity of vitamin C. The effect of vitamin C, either alone or in the presence of vitamin E or a watersoluble vitamin E analogue, upon the peroxidation of aqueous multilamellar phospholipid liposomes. Biochim Biophys Acta 835: 298-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2760(85)90285-1