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Retardation of Kimchi Fermentation by Addition of Glucono-δ-lacton

글루코노델타락톤의 김치 발효 지연 효과

  • 한진숙 (동의공업대학 식품생명과학계열) ;
  • 강준수 (동의공업대학 식품생명과학계열)
  • Published : 2004.03.01

Abstract

This study was carried out to estimate the effects of glucono-$\delta$-lacton (GDL) on prolongation of shelf-life on Kimchi. Final concentration of added GDL was determined 0.3% according to the result of sensory evaluation. Chemical characteristics and microbiological parameters were monitored during fermentation at 1$0^{\circ}C$. GDL Kimchi showed the initial sharp decrease in pH and gradually increase of pH due to osmotic pressure and then the pH of GDL Kimchi was slowly decreased compared with that of control Kimchi during fermentation. The acidity of control Kimchi was markedly increased around pH 4.5 by growth of microorganism. Otherwise, GDL Kimchi showed that t]le formation of organic acids was slow and little amount compared with that of control Kimchi. HPLC analysis showed oxalic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, malic acid and succinic acid appeared by fermentation. The production of lactic acid changed a lot in control Kimchi, where as little in GDL Kimchi. Growth of L. mesenteroides at initial stage of Kimchi fermentation was remarkably inhibited by adding 0.3% GDL. It retarded also the growth of L. Plantarum and L. breuis at late stage of Kimchi fermantation and led to reduce the softening of texture and retard over ripening of Kimchi. Tn sensory evaluation of Kimchi, GDL Kimchi showed the similar characteristics to the control Kimchi. This result suggested that GDL can be successfully used for the prolongation of shelf-life and sensory evaluation on Kimchi.

본 연구에서는 미생물이 생성하는 글루코노델타락톤을 김치에 첨가하여 냉장저장하였을 때, 김치의 초기 pH를 강하시켜 김치의 주발효균인 유산균의 생육을 억제하여 김치의 보존성을 향상시키고 숙성기간을 연장시키고자 하였다. GDL이 첨가된 김치의 초기 pH강하는 GDL이 수용액에서 유기산인 글루콘산으로 전환되면서 나타나는 현상이며 삼투압 작용에 의해 점차 평형을 이루게 되어 pH가 상승하였다가 숙성이 진행되면서 대조구보다 완만하게 pH가 저 하하였다. pH 강하로 인하여 김치의 초기 유산균의 생육이 지연되면서 대조구와 비교시 숙성기간동안 산 생성량이 적게 나타났다. HPLC 분석에서 김치의 발효동안 oxalic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, malic acid와 acetic acid가 생성되는 것으로 나타났으며, 대조군의 경우 GDL을 첨가한 경우보다 lactic acid의 생성량이 현저히 많았다. 김치에 첨가된 GDL은 초기 주 발효균인 L. mesenteroides의 생육을 억제함으로써 김치의 숙성을 지연시키고, 그 이후의 L. brevis와 산내성 이 강한 L. plantarum의 생육을 억제함으로써 산도의 증가를 지연시키고 김치 조직의 연화를 방지 할 수 있는 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 글루콘산은 무색의 순한 청량한 신맛을 띄는 유기산으로 관능검사에서 김치 고유의 맛과 향기에 영향을 주지 않았다. 따라서, 김치 제조시 GDL의 첨가는 김치의 유산균의 생육지연을 통하여 김치가 숙성에 도달하는 시간을 지연, 유지 시켜 가식 기간을 연장시킬 수 있으면서, 관능적 품질에 차이가 없는 김치를 제조할 수 있었다.

Keywords

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  1. Extending the shelf life of kimchi with Lactococcus lactis strain as a starter culture vol.24, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-015-0134-8
  2. Selection of Lactic Acid Bacteria with Antibacterial Activity for Extension of Kimchi Shelf-life vol.43, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.2.328