Underlying Control Strategy of Human Leg Posture and Movement

  • Park, Shinsuk (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University)
  • Published : 2004.04.01

Abstract

While a great number of studies on human motor control have provided a wide variety of viewpoints concerning the strategy of the central nervous system (CNS) in controlling limb movement, none were able to reveal the exact methods how the movement command from CNS is mapped onto the neuromuscular activity. As a preliminary study of human-machine interface design, the characteristics of human leg motion and its underlying motor control scheme are studied through experiments and simulations in this paper. The findings in this study suggest a simple open-loop motor control scheme in leg motion. As a possible candidate, an equilibrium point control model appears consistent in recreating the experimental data in numerical simulations. Based on the general leg motion analysis, the braking motion by the driver's leg is modeled.

Keywords

References

  1. Abend, W., Bizzi, E. and Morasso, P., 1982, Human Arm Trajectory Formation, Brain, Vol. 105, pp. 331-348 https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/105.2.331
  2. Albus, J., 1975, A New Approach to Manipulator Control : The Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller (CMAC), J. Dynamics. Sys., Meas. & Control, Vol. 97, pp. 220-227 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3426922
  3. Arbib, M., 1972, The Metaphorical Brain : An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Brain Theory, Interscience, New York
  4. Bernstein, N., 1967, The Coordination and Regulation of Movements, Pergamon Press, New York
  5. Bizzi, E., Accomero, N., Chapple, W. and Hogan, N., 1984, Posture Control and Trajectory Formation During Arm Movement, J. Neurosci., Vol. 4, pp. 2738-2744
  6. Bizzi, E., Hogan, N., Mussa-Ivaldi, F. and Giszter, S., 1992, 'Does the Nervous System Use Equilibrium-Point Control to Guide Single and Multiple Joint Movements?,' Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Vol. 15, pp. 603-613 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00072538
  7. Colagte, J. and Hogan, N., 1988, Robust Control of Dynamically Interacting Systems, Int. J. Control, Vol. 48, pp. 65-88 https://doi.org/10.1080/00207178808906161
  8. Feldman, A., 1966, Functional Tuning of the Nervous System with Control of Movement or Maintenance of a Steady Posture, II: Controllable Parameters of the Muscle, Biophysics, Vol. 11, pp. 565-578
  9. Flash, T., 1987, The Control of Hand Equilibrium Trajectories in Multi-Joint Arm Movements, Biol. Cybern., Vol. 57, pp. 257-274 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00338819
  10. Gomi, H. and Kawato, M., 1996, Equilibrium-Point Control Hypothesis Examined by Measured Arm Stiffness during Multijoint Movement, Science, Vol. 272, pp. 117-120 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.272.5258.117
  11. Hogan, N., 1989, Controlling Impedance at the Man/Machine Interface, Proceedings of the 1989 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1989.100210
  12. Hollerbach, J. and Atkeson, C., 1987, Deducing Planning Variables from experimental Arm Trajectories : Pitfalls and Possibilities, Biological Cybernetics, Vol. 56, pp. 279-292 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00319509
  13. Jackson, D., 1997, Development of Full-Body Models for Human Jump Landing Dynamics and Control, Ph. D. Thesis, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
  14. Morasso, P., 1981, Spatial Control of Arm Movements, Exp. Brain Res., Vol. 42, pp. 223-227 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00236911
  15. Mun, J., 2003, A Method for the Reduction of Skin Marker Artifacts During Walking Application to the Knee, KSME International Journal, Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 825-835
  16. Mussa-Ivaldi, F., Hogan, N. and Bizzi, E., 1985, Neural, Mechanical, and Geometric Factors Subserving Arm Posture in Humans, J. of Neuroscience, Vol. 5, No. 10, pp. 2732-2743
  17. Paines, J., 1987, Optimization of Manual Control Dynamics for Space Telemanipulation : Impedance Control of a Force Reflection Hand Controller, S. M. Thesis, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
  18. Park, S., 1999, Driver-Vehicle Interaction in Braking, Ph. D. Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
  19. Pennisi, E., 1996, Tilting against a Major Theory of Movement Control, Science, Vol. 272, pp. 32-33 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.272.5258.32
  20. Saltzman, E., 1979, Levels of Sensorimotor Representation, J. Math. Psych., Vol. 20, pp. 91-163 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2496(79)90020-8
  21. Raibert, M., 1976, A State Space Model for Sensorimotor Control and Learning, MIT Artif. Intel. Memo, No. 351
  22. Shadmehr, R. and Mussa-Ivaldi, F., 1994, Adaptive Representation of Dynamics during Learning of a Motor Task, Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 29, pp. 1137-1146
  23. Won, J., 1993, The Control of Constrained and Partially Constrained Arm Movement, S. M. Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
  24. Woodson, W. and Conover, D., 1964, Human Engineering Guide for Equipment Designers, University of California Press