Toxicity Test of Carbosulfan and Phenthoate on Killifish

Carbosulfan과 Phenthoate의 송사리(Oryzias latipes, Medaka)에 대한 독성시험

  • Bae, Chul-Han (Agricultural Research Center, Hankooksamgong Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Lee, Jeong-Seok (Agricultural Research Center, Hankooksamgong Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Cho, Kyung-Won (Agricultural Research Center, Hankooksamgong Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Park, Hyun-Ju (Agricultural Research Center, Hankooksamgong Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Cho, Dong-Hun (Agricultural Research Center, Hankooksamgong Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Shin, Kwan-Seop (Agricultural Research Center, Hankooksamgong Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Jung, Chang-Kook (Agricultural Research Center, Hankooksamgong Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Park, Yeon-Ki (Pesticide Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology)
  • 배철한 (한국삼공(주) 농업연구소) ;
  • 이정석 (한국삼공(주) 농업연구소) ;
  • 조경원 (한국삼공(주) 농업연구소) ;
  • 박현주 (한국삼공(주) 농업연구소) ;
  • 조동훈 (한국삼공(주) 농업연구소) ;
  • 신관섭 (한국삼공(주) 농업연구소) ;
  • 정창국 (한국삼공(주) 농업연구소) ;
  • 박연기 (농업과학기술원 농약평가과)
  • Published : 2004.12.30

Abstract

Acute toxicity test and chronic toxicity test were conducted with killifish (Oryzias latipes, Medaka) to evaluate toxicity effect of pesticides. Acute toxicity test was investigated mortality in 48 hours and 96 hours after treatment, chronic toxicity test was examined with the early life stage of 30 days after hatching be started embryos of Medaka. The test substances were two pesticides, Carbosulfan and Phenthoate, applied to the paddy rice plant and well-known to the high fish toxicity. As the result of acute toxicity test, median concentration $(LC_{50})$ at 96 hours in Medata was Carbosulfan 0.102 mg/L and Phenthoate 0.167 mg/L, and Fish early life stage toxicity test was conducted on basis of the result of acute toxicity test and concluded from the investigation of hatching success, period of hatching, survival post hatching, length and weight of surviving fishes and abnormal fish. The results of early life stage toxicity test were represented by no observed effect concentration (NOEC), lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) and maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC). NOEC was Carbosulfan 0.0067ppm and Phenthoate 0.011ppm, LOEC of PCP-Na, Carbosulfan and Phenthoate were 0.017ppm and 0.029ppm, MATC of Carbosulfan and Phenthoate were 0.011ppm and 0.018ppm. These studies will be expected to supply more varied chronic toxicity effects at lower concentration than acute toxicity test. Therefore, evaluation data will be more realistic and the risk assessment of pesticide will be leveled up.

우리나라에서 널리 사용되고 있는 벼재배용 살충제인 carbosulfan과 phenthoate의 담수어에 미치는 급 만성적 영향을 알아보고자 송사리(Oryzias latipes, Medaka)에 대한 급성독성시험(Acute Toxicity Test)과 생육초기 독성시험(Early-life Stage Toxicity Test)을 실시하였다. 급성독성시험 결과 carbosulfan과 phenthoate의 송사리에 대한 96시간 $LC_{50}$은 0.102, 0.167 mg/L로 비슷한 감수성을 보였다. 생육초기 독성시험 결과 carbosulfan의 경우 부화율은 80%이상, 부화기간은 $9\sim10$일로 나타나 처리구간 유의성이 없었다. 처리농도 0.042 mg/L이상에서는 부화후 생존율이 통계적으로 유의한(p<0.05) 차이를 보였으며, 척추가 휘어지는 형태적으로 비정상적인 결과가 관찰되었다. 시험 종료후 생존한 송사리의 전장 및 체중 변화는 농도 상관성을 보였으며, 특히 0.017 mg/L이상에서는 대조구에 비해 유의한(p<0.05) 감소를 나타내었다. 따라서 이런 결과를 근거로 한 무영향농도(NOEC), 최저영향농도(LOEC), 그리고 최대허용농도(MATC)는 각각 0.0067, 0.017, 0.011 mg/L으로 산출하였다. phenthoate 처리구의 부화율과 부화기간은 처리 농도간 유의성이 없었으나, 부화후 생존율은 처리농도 0.076 mg/L 이상에서 유의한(p<0.05) 차이를 보였다. 또한 처리농도 0.076 mg/L 이상에서는 척추기형과 유영이상을 보이는 이상어가 나타났다. 그러나 시험 종료후 송사리 전장 및 체중의 변화는 통계적인 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 농도 상관성도 보이지 않았다. 따라서 이런 결과를 종합하여 NOEC, LOEC, 그리고 MATC는 각각 0.011, 0.029, 0.018 mg/L으로 결정되었다.

Keywords

References

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