대한수의학회지 (Korean Journal of Veterinary Research)

  • 제44권4호
  • /
  • Pages.593-605
  • /
  • 2004
  • /
  • 2466-1384(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2466-1392(eISSN)
대한수의학회 (The Korean Society of Veterinary Science)
권호 표지

산란계 농장에서의 생물학적 위해요인과 관리점 분석

Analysis of biological hazards and control points in layer houses

  • 이성모 (인천광역시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 유한상 (서울대학교 수의과대학 및 농생명공학부) ;
  • 홍종해 (강원대학교 수의학과)
  • Lee, Sung-Mo (Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Health & Environment) ;
  • Yoo, Han Sang (College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Honsg, Chong-Hae (Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University)
  • 심사 : 2004.08.31
  • 발행 : 2004.12.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

An egg has been considered as one of the most important food sources because of it's nutritional superiority and reasonable price. With the complexity of egg flow system from production to consumption in Korea, preventive measures for egg safety have been required. Therefore, our study was carried out to analyze hazards for the egg under farm level and develope preventive measures with a purpose of obtaining egg safety. To analyze biological hazards, microbial contamination of egg(normal, dirty and cracked), water, feed, manure and equipments associated with laying were investigated. One isolate of Salmonella enteritidis and S. bardo were detected from the manure and dirty egg shell respectively. The sanitary conditions in the farm were surveyed by questionaries. Confirmation of vaccination for purchasing chicks and establishment of sanitary guidances for water and type of water suppliers ought to be preceded. Feed supplier systems including feed tanks, feed pipes and hoppers were known that their contamination might give it a chance to infect individuals and egg content and shell. The safe and rapid disposal of dead chickens and rodent were reported as more crucial factors to prevent infectious disease and manage good sanitation. Egg selector and collecting belt should be kept properly not to be contaminated from egg fluids and feces. It should be also considered that regular gathering of eggs, removal of dirty or cracked ones, storage under refrigeration and the use of disposable egg tray were continuously fulfilled. Conclusively, Our results suggested that HACCP-based system for providing fresh and safe eggs to consumers should be applied to the farm.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. 姜鎬祚, 姜正夫, 朴武鉉. 國內市販 料에 대한 衛生學的 硏究 1報, 微生物學的 汚染實態와 大腸菌의 藥劑耐性. 한국수의공중보건학회지. 1982, 6, 85-93
  2. 강호 , 손원 . 한우 사육장내 Slamonella 속균의 존재 관련요인 분석. 한국수의공중보건학회지. 1999, 23, 121-126
  3. 국립 건원. 우리나라의 집단식중독 발생동향. 감염병발생정보. 1998, 9, 89-92
  4. 국립수의과학검역원. 국립수의과학검역원 고시 제2001-10호; 축산물의 표시기준 개정. 국립수의과학검역원, 안양 2001
  5. 국립수의과학검역원. 국립수의과학검역원 고시 제2002-3호; 축산물의 가공기준 및 성분규격. 국립수의과학검역원, 안양2002
  6. 김영환. 무한경쟁시대 양계산업의 활로모색(위생계란생산을 위한 HACCP 적용). 2001 한국가금학회 춘계산학협동 심포지움 Proceedings. 2001b, 63-93
  7. 김용상. 국내 도축장에서 HACCP 제도의 효율적 적용방안에 관한 연구. 서울대학교박사학위논문. 2001
  8. 김정주, 문상호, 안상돈. 양계(성공적인 경영기법). 농민신문사. 서울. 1999
  9. 농림부. 사료검사요령. 농림부고시 제2002-10호. 농림부, 과천 2002
  10. 농림부. 사료공정서. 농림부고시 제2002-6호. 농림부, 과천 2002
  11. 농림부. 사료관리법. 농림부, 과천 2001
  12. 농림부. 축산물가공처리법중 개정법률안. 농림부, 과천 2001
  13. 농림부. 우수농산물관리제도(GAP) 해설집. 농림부, 과천 2003
  14. 농림수산부. 종계장 위생관리요령. 농림수산부 고시 제1994-12호. 농림수산부, 과천 1994
  15. 농촌진흥청. 양계(닭의 관리 기구). pp. 113-126, 농촌진흥청, 수원 1990
  16. 문진산, 주이석, 임숙경, 장금찬, 김종염, 표수일, 사혁, 김태훈, 박용호. 안전하고 위생적인 우유생산을 위한 HACCP 시스템 적용에 관한 연구II. 목장용수의 위생화학적 조사. 한국수의공중보건학회지. 1999, 23, 165-170
  17. 朴魯燦, 崔源弼, 李熙碩. 비둘기와 水生鳥類에서 分離한 Salmonella屬菌의 血淸型. 대한수의학회지. 1990, 30, 193-201
  18. 변재원. 가축의 장내세균총 검색 및 생균제용 균주개발에 관한 연구. 충북대학교 석사학위논문. 1996
  19. 식품의약품안전청. 식중독 발생현황 통계. 식품의약품안전청, 서울 2000
  20. 식품의약품안전청. 식중독 예방대책. 식품의약품안전청, 서울 2001
  21. 식품의약품안전청. 식품의약품안전청고시 제2002-22호; 식품의 기준 및 규격중 개정. 식품의약품안전청, 서울 2002
  22. 우용구, 이희수, 이영주, 강민주, 김봉환, 김재학. 우리나라의 가금과 환경에서 분리한 Salmonella species의 특성. 대한수의학회지. 2000, 40, 505-514
  23. 은길수, 오명호, 김홍집, 천광석, 정운익. 경기도내 농장수에 대한 세균학적 및 이화학적 조사. 한국수의공중보건학회지. 1993, 17, 381-387
  24. 鄭錫贊, 崔源弼. 牛 由來의 Salmonella屬菌에 대하여 대한수의학회지. 1986, 26, 79-85
  25. 崔源弼, 李熙碩, 呂相建, 李憲俊, 太喆. 牛, 豚에서 分離한 Salmonella 由來 R plasmid의 遺傳學的 및 分子生物學的 性狀에 관한 硏究: I.乳牛에서 Salmonella屬菌의 分布狀況 및 藥劑耐性. 대한수의학회지. 1988, 28, 331-337
  26. 축산물등급판정소. 축산물등급판정소 공고 제2001-1호; 계란 등급판정 기준 및 방법. 축산물등급판정소, 군포 2001
  27. 환경부. 먹는물 수질기준 및 검사등에 관한 규칙중개정령. 환경부, 과천 2002
  28. Agresti, A. Categorical data analysis. Wiley, New York, 1990
  29. Arts, H. and Meyerhof, R. Salmonella control in hatcheries. World Poult. 2000, 16, 45-47
  30. Aziz, T. Principles of rodent control in poultry houses. World Poult. 2000, 16, 39-40
  31. Bailey, J. S., Stern, N. J., Cox, N. A. and Line, J. W. Detecting salmonella and campylobacter. Broiler Industry/December. 1994, 24-32
  32. Balnave, D., Yoselewitz, I. and Dixon, R. Increased incidence of egg shell defects from minerals in drinking water. pp. 29-36, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 1988
  33. Bruerton, K. Using mineral proteinates to improve shell quality. Asian Poult. Magazine-September/October. 2000, 44-48
  34. CDC. Outbreaks of Salmonella serotype enteritidis infection associated with consumption of raw shell eggs - United States, 1994-1995. MMWR Morb. Mortal.Wkly. Rep. 1996, 30, 737-742
  35. CDC. Outbreaks of Salmonella serotype enteritidis infection associated with eating raw or undercooked shell eggs-United States, 1996-1998. MMWR Morb.Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 2000, 4, 73-79
  36. Cochran, W. Sampling techniques. 3rd ed. Wiley, New York, 1991
  37. Counotte, G. Understanding the quality of drinking water. World Poult. 2000, 16, 34-40
  38. Coutts, J. A. and Wilson, G. C. Egg quality handbook. Queensland Department of Primary Industries, 1990, 28-29
  39. Davison, S. A., Dunn, P. A., Henzler, D. J., Knabel, S. J., Patterson, P. H. and Schwartz, J. H. Preharvest HACCP in the Table Egg Industry. State University,Pennsylvania, 1997
  40. Donald, J. Water requirements for broiler production. Poult. Digest. 2000, 59, 12-18
  41. Engelbrecht, H. and Berendt, H. The eggs of Enterobius vermicularis in room dust. I. Methods Angew. Parasitol. 1991. 32, 15-19
  42. FDA-USDA. On-farm and packer/processor programs to reduce the risk of SE in eggs. The egg safety national standards group, FDA-USDA, Washington D.C. 2000
  43. FDA-USDA. Current thinking papers on national standards for egg safety. FDA-USDA, Washington D.C. 2000
  44. Garaleviciene, D., Pettersson, H., Augonyte, G., Elwinger, K. and Lindberg, J. E. Effects of mould and toxin contaminated barley on laying hens performance and health. Arch. Tierernahr. 2001, 55, 25-42
  45. Gomez-Basauri, J. Neglected minerals improve eggshell quality. World Poult. 1998, 14, 16-17
  46. Harms, R. H. Factors affecting egg shell quality. Proceedings 1987 Georgia nutrition conference for the feed industry, 1987, 77-87
  47. Henson, S. Estimating the incidence of food-borne Salmonella and the effectiveness of alternative control measures using the Delphi method. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 1997, 15, 195-204
  48. Henzler, D. J. and Opitz, H. M. The role of mice in the epizootiology of Salmonella enteritidis infection on chicken layer farms. Avian Dis. 1992, 36, 625-631
  49. Henzler, D. J., Kradel, D. C. and Sischo, W. M. Management and environmental risk factors for Salmonella enteritidis contamination of eggs. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1998, 59, 824-829
  50. Hinton, M. Organic acids for control of Salmonella. World Poult. 1996, 12, 33-35
  51. Hunton, P. Key factors in controlling Salmonella enteritidis and other microbial contaminants in eggs. World Poult. 1997, 13, 36-37
  52. Hunton, P. Inventor Arch McKinlay cares for egg quality. World Poult. 1999, 15, 46-48
  53. International hatchery practice. Effective management of biosecurity. Int. Hatch. Pract. 1999, 14, 22-23
  54. Johnson, T. M. Foodborne pathogen concerns from a production point of view. Poult. Digest. 2000, 59, 12-18
  55. Jones, F. T., Rives, D. V. and Carey, J. B. Salmonella contamination in commercial eggs and an egg production facility. Poult. Sci. 1995, 74, 753-757
  56. Knape, K. D., Carey, J. B. and Ricke, S. C. Response of foodborne Salmonella spp. marker strains inoculated on egg shell surfaces to disinfectants in a commercial egg washer. J. Environ. Sci. Health B. 2001, 36, 219-227
  57. Matsumoto, A., Miyama, M. and Murakami, S. Comparison of Salmonella isolation rates in different types of egg-layer hen houses in Chiba, Japan. Avian Dis. 2001, 45, 195-200
  58. Mcliroy, S. G. and Thompson, J. The relationship between feed and salmonella contamination. World Poult. Special '99, 1999, 17-19
  59. Mulder, R. W. A. W. Probiotics and competitive exclusion microflora against Salmonella. World Poult. 1996, 12, 30-32
  60. Murase, T., Senjyu, K., Maeda, T., Tanaka, M., Sakae, H., Matsumoto, Y., Kaneda, Y., Ito, T. and Otsuki, K. Monitoring of chicken houses and an attached egg-processing facility in a laying farm for salmonella contamination between 1994 and 1998. J. Food Prot. 2001, 64, 1912-1916
  61. Mutalib, A., McDonough, P., Shin, S., Patten, V. and Lein, D. Salmonella enteritidis in commercial layer farms in New York state; environmental survey results and significance of available monitoring tests. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 1992, 4, 416-418
  62. Nielsen, B., Baggesen, D. L., Lind, P., Feld, N. and Wingstrand, A. Serological surveillance of Salmonella infections in swine herds by use of an indirect LPSELISA. Proceedings of the 14th IPVS Congress. 1996, 169
  63. Putz, B. Flies on the poultry farm. International poultry production. 2000, 8, 11-15
  64. Rho, M. J., Chung, M. S., Lee, J. H. and Park, J. Monitoring of microbial hazards at farms, slaughterhouses, and processing lines of swine in Korea. J. Food Prot. 2001, 64, 1388-1391
  65. Richards, G. Designer diets and management for optimum egg shell quality. World Poult. 1998, 14, 45-46
  66. Salmonella Enteritidis Risk Assessement Team. Salmonella enteritidis Risk Assessement : Shell Eggs and Egg Products. The Food Safety and InspectionService, Final Report, 1998
  67. Salah, H. M. and Esmail. Rodents and poultry. World Poult. 1998, 14, 64-65
  68. Sasipreeyajan, J., Jerngklinchan, J., Koowatananukul, C. and Saitanu, K. Prevalence of salmonellae in broiler, layer and breeder flocks in Thailand. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 1996, 28, 174-180
  69. Seydim, A. C. and Dawson, P. L. Packaging effects on shell egg breakage rates during simulated transportation. Poult. Sci. 1999, 78, 148-151
  70. Shirota, K., Katoh, H., Murase, T., Ito, T. and Otsuki, K. Salmonella contamination in commercial layer feed in Japan. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 2000, 62, 789-791
  71. Shirota, K., Katoh, H., Murase, T., Ito, T. and Otsuki, K. Monitoring of layer feed and eggs for Salmonella in eastern Japan between 1993 and 1998. J. Food Prot. 2001, 64, 734-737
  72. SPSS Inc. SPSS for Windows, User’s Guide, SPSS Inc. Chicago, 1997
  73. Stadelman, W. J. and Cotterill, O. J. Egg Science and Technology. 4th ed. The Haworth Press, 1995
  74. Tablante, N. L., Myint, M. S., Johnson, Y. J., Rhodes, K., Colby, M. and Hohenhaus, G. A survey of biosecurity practices as risk factors affecting broilerperformance on the Delmarva Peninsula. Avian Dis. 2002, 46, 730-734
  75. Todd, E. C. Risk assessment of use of cracked eggs in Canada. Int. J. Food. Microbiol. 1996, 30, 125-143
  76. Troller, J. A. Sanitation in food processing. 2nd ed. Academic Press, New York, 1993
  77. USDA. Table-egg layer management survey. 2000
  78. Van Niekerk, Th. G. C. M. and Reuvekamp, B. F. J. Egg-saver and frequent running of egg belt supports egg quality. World Poult. 2000, 16, 32-33
  79. Wall, H. and Tauson, R. Egg quality in furnished cages for laying hens-effects of crack reduction measures and hybrid. Poult. Sci. 2002, 81, 340-348
  80. Wallner-Pendleton, E. and Scheideler, S. E. Water quality basics for the poultry producer. Poult. Digest. 1995, 54, 10-14
  81. Wray, C. and Davies, R. H. Environmental challenges: contamination by dust, insects and pests. World Poult. Special '99, 1999, 13-15
  82. Yoselewitz, I. and Balnave, D. Egg shell quality responses of pullets given saline drinking water at different ages. Br. Poult. Sci. 1989, 30, 715-718
  83. Zhang-Barber, L., Turner, A. K. and Barrow, P. A. Vaccination for control of Salmonella in poultry. Vaccine. 1999, 17, 2538-2545
  84. 鷄病硏究會. 鷄卵$\cdot$鷄肉のサルモネラ全書-安全た鷄卵$\cdot$鷄肉の生産$\cdot$流通 のちめのサルモネラ對策. (株)日本畜産振興會. 1999
  85. 鷄 硏究 編輯部. 鷄卵賞味期限表示の現況と問題點日村表示マニュアル案を作成. 鷄の硏究. 1998, 73, 37-41
  86. 今西隆和, 甲斐久敏, 河野富男, 植原 嘉, 山中 平, 杉浦嘉宏, 北漱照代, 長谷 篤, 中村兗海, 春木孝祐. 鷄卵取提い施設(GPセソタ-等) の 細菌汚染實態調査にっいて. 食品衛生硏究. 1999, 49, 97-103
  87. 岩城 蒐. 採卵農場におけろ鷄卵の安全性對策: 現場での實踐例からみるHACCP對 応. 業の硏究. 1998, 73, 44-47