References
- AOAC. 1984. Official Methods of Analysis (14th Ed.) Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
- AOAC. 1990. Official Method of Analysis 15th ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, DC.
- Biehl, R. R. and D. H. Baker. 1997. Microbial phytase improves amino acid utilization in young chicks fed diets based on soybean meal but not diets based on peanut meal. Poult. Sci. 76:355-360.
- Blackburn, N. A. and I. T. Johnson. 1981. The effect of guar gum on the viscosity of gastrointestinal contents and on glucose uptake from the perfushed jejunum in the rat. Br. J. Nutr. 46:239-249.
- Cahn, T. T., A. J. A. Aarnink, J. B. Schutte, A. Sutton, D. J. Langhout and M. W. A. Verstegen. 1998. Dietary protein affects nitrogen excretion and ammonia emission from slurry of growing-finishing pigs. Livest. Prod Sci. (56):181-191.
- Caldwell, R. A. 1992. Effect of calcium and phytic acid on the activation of trypsinogen and the stability of trypsin. J. Agric. Food Chem. 40:43-46. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00013a008
- Calloway, D. H., D. J. Colasito and R. D. Mathews. 1966. Gases produced by human intestinal flora. Nature. 212:1238.
- Chan, H. C. 1988. Phytate and cation binding activity. M.S. Thesis, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX.
- Chung, T. K. and D. H. Baker. 1992. Ideal amino acid pattern for 10 kilogram pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 70:3102-3111.
- Coelho, M. B. and E. T. Kornegay. 1996. Phytase in animal nutrition and wate management. BASF Corp., Mount Olive, NJ.
- Coon, C. N., K. L. Leske, O. Akavanichan and T. K. Cheng. 1990. Effect of oligosaccharide-free soybean meal on true metabolizable energy and fiber digestion in adult roosters. Poult. Sci. 69:787-793.
- Cromwell, G. L., R. D. Coffey, G. R. Parker, H. J. Monegue and J. H. Randolph. 1995. Efficacy of a recombinant-derived phytase in improving the bioavailability of phosphorus in corn-soybean meal diets for pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 73:2000-2008.
- Cromwell, G. L., T. S. Stahly, R. D. Coffey, H. J. Monegue and J. H. Randolph. 1993. Efficacy of phytase in improving the bioavailability of phosphorus in soybean meal and cornsoybean meal diets for pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 71:1831-1840.
- Duncan, D. B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F test. Biometrics 11:1-42. https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478
- Edwards, C. A., I. T. Johnson and N. W. Read. 1988. Do viscous polysaccharides slow absorption by inhibiting diffusion or convection? Eur. J. Cli. Nutr. 42:307-312.
- Gdala, G. A., J. M. Jansman, L. Buraczewska, J. Huisman and P. van Leeuwen. 1997. The influence of -galactosidase supplementation on the ileal digestibility of lupin seed carbohydrates and dietary protein in young pigs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. (67):115-125.
- Giesting, D. W. and R. A. Easter. 1991. Effect of protein source and fumaric acid supplementation on apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients by young pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 69:2497-2503.
- Hoppe, P. P., F. J. Schoner, H. Wiesche, G. Shwarz and A. Safer. 1991. Phosphorus equivalency of Aspergillus-niger-phytase for piglets fed a grain-soybean-meal diet. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 69:225.
- Jongbloed, A. W. and P. A. Kemme. 1990. Apparent digestible phosphorus in the feeding of pigs in relations to availability, requirementsand environment 1. Digestible phosphorus in feedstuffs from plant and animal origin. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 38:567-574.
- Jongbloed, A. W. 1987. Phosphorus in the feeding of pigs. Ph. D. dissertation, Wageningen, Agricultural University, The Netherlands.
- Jongbloed, A. W., Z. Mroz and P. A. Kemme. 1992. The effect of supplementary Aspergillus niger phytase in diets for pigs on concentration and apparent digestibility of dry matter, total phosphorus and phytic acid in different sections of the alimentary tract. J. Anim. Sci. 70:1159-1168.
- Kephart, K. B. and G. W. Sherritt. 1990. Performance and nutrient balance in growing swine.
- Kim, S. W., I. Mavromichalis and R. A. Easter. 2001a. Supplementation of alpha-1galactosidase and beta-1,4-mannanase to improve soybean meal utilization by nursery pig. J. Anim. Sci. 79 (Suppl. 1):106 (Abstr.).
- Kim, S. W., J. H. Zhang, K. T. Soltwedel and R. A. Easter. 2001b. Supplementation of -1,6-galactosidase and 1,4-mannanase to improve soybean meal utilization by growing-finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 79 (Suppl. 2):84 (Abstr.).
- Kornegay, E. T. and H. Qian. 1996. Replacement of inorganic phosphorus by microbial phytase for young pigs fed on a maize soyabean meal diet. Br. J. Nutro. 76:563-578.
- Kornegay, E. T., J. S. Radcliffe and Z. Zhang. 1998. Influence of phytase and diet composition on phosphorus and amino acid digestibility and phosphorus and nitrogen excretion in swine. In: BASF Tech. Symp., Carolina Swine Nutr. Conf., Durham, NC. pp. 125-155.
- Leske, K. L., C. J. Jevne and C. N. Coon. 1993. Effect of oligosaccharide additions on nitrogen corrected true metabolizable energy of soy protein concentrate. Poult. Sci. 72:664.
- Moore, S. 1963. On the determination of cystine as cysteric acid. J. Biol. Sci. 238:235-237.
- Mroz, Z. and A. W. Jongbloed. 1998. The influence of phytase on the availability of protein and energy in swine. In: BASF Tech. Symp., Carolina Swine Nutr. Conf., Durham, NC. pp. 65-88.
- Mroz, Z., A. W. Jongbloed and P. A. Kemme. 1994. Apparent digestibility and retention of nutrients bound to phytase complexes as influenced by microbial phytase and feeding regimen in pigs. J. Anim. Sci, 72:126-132.
- Nair, V. C., J. Laflamme and Z. Duvnjak. 1991. Production of phytase by Aspergillus ficcum and reduction pf phytic acid content in canola meal. J. Sci. Food Agric. 54:355.
- NRC. 1998. Nutrient Requirements of Swine (10th Ed.). National Academy Press, Washington DC.
- Pettey, L. A., S. D. Carter, B. W. Senne and J. A. Shriver. 2002. Effects of -mannanase addition to corn-soybean meal diets on growth performance, carcass traits and nutrient digestibility of weanling and growing-finishing pigs.
- Pierce, J. L., K. L. Enright, G. L. Cromwell, L. W. Turner and T. C. Bridges. 1994. Dietary manipulation to reduce the N and P excretion by finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 72(Suppl. 1):331(Abstr.).
- Rainbird, A. L., A. G. Low and T. Zebrowska. 1984. Effect of guar gum on glucose and water absorption from isolated loops of jejunum in conscious growing pig. Br. J. Nutr. 52:489-498.
- Ravindran, V., P. H. Selle and W. L. Bryden. 1999a. Influence of microbial phytase on apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in feedstuffs for broilers. Poult. Sci. 78:699-706.
- Ravindran, V., P. H. Selle and W. L. Bryden. 1999b. Effects of phytase supplementation, individually and in combination, with glucanase on the nutritive value of wheat and barley. Poult. Sci. 78:1588-1595.
- SAS. 1985. SAS User's Guide: Statistics, SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC.
- Selle, P. H., V. Ravindran, G. Ravindran, P. H. Pittolo and W. L. Bryden. 2003. Influence of phytase and xylanase supplementation on growth performance and nutrient utilization of broilers offered wheat-based diets. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. Vol 16, 3:394-402.
- Thompson, L. U. 1986. Phytic acid: a factor influencing starch digestibility and blood glucose response. In: Phytic Acid: chemistry and applications (Ed. E. Graf). Pilatus Press, Minneapolis, p. 173-194.
- Veldman, A. V., W. A. G. Veen, D. Barug and P. A. van Paridon. 1993. Effect of -galactosides in feed on ileal piglet digestibility physiology. J. Anim. Nutr. (69):67-65.
- Verma, S. V. S. and J. M. Mcnab. 1982. Guar meal in diets for broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 23:95-105.
- Vohra, P. and F. H. Kratzer. 1964. Growth inhibitory effect of certainpolysaccharides for chickens. Poult. Sci. 43:1164-1170.
- Yi, Z. E. T. Kornegay, V. Ravindran, M. D. Kindemann and J. H. Wilson. 1996. Effectiveness of Natuphos phytase in improving the bioavailabilities ofphosphorus and other nutrient in soybean meal-based semifurified diets for young pig. J. Anim. Aci. 1996. 74:1601-1611.
- Young, L. G., M. Leunissen and J. L. Atkinson. 1993. Addiiton of microbial phytase to diets of young pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 1993. 71:2147-2150.
Cited by
- and phytase inclusion on pig performance, bone parameters and pork quality in finisher pigs vol.102, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12939
- Effects of Non-starch Polysaccharide-degrading Enzymes on Nutrient Digestibility, Growth Performance and Blood Profiles of Growing Pigs Fed a Diet Based on Corn and Soybean Meal vol.23, pp.12, 2010, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2010.10123
- Effect of carbohydrases on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and fecal microbiota in weanling pigs fed reduced energy diet vol.100, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2018-0184