The Korean Journal of Mycology (한국균학회지)

The Korean Society of Mycology (한국균학회)
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Phytotoxicity of Endophytic Fungi and Characterization of a Phytotoxin Isolated from Gliocladium catenulatum from Pinus densiflora

식물내생곰팡이의 제초활성 검정 및 소나무에서 분리한 Gliocladium catenulatum이 생산하는 제초활성 물질의 특성 규명

  • Choi, Gyung-Ja (Biological Function Research Team, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology) ;
  • Park, Joong-Hyeop (Biological Function Research Team, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology) ;
  • Kim, Heung-Tae (Biological Function Research Team, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology) ;
  • Lee, Seon-Woo (Biological Function Research Team, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology) ;
  • Choi, Jung-Sup (Biological Function Research Team, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology) ;
  • Hong, Kyung-Sik (Biological Function Research Team, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology) ;
  • Cho, Kwang-Yun (Biological Function Research Team, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Cheol (Biological Function Research Team, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology)
  • 최경자 (한국화학연구원 생물화학연구부 생물기능연구팀) ;
  • 박중협 (한국화학연구원 생물화학연구부 생물기능연구팀) ;
  • 김흥태 (한국화학연구원 생물화학연구부 생물기능연구팀) ;
  • 이선우 (한국화학연구원 생물화학연구부 생물기능연구팀) ;
  • 최정섭 (한국화학연구원 생물화학연구부 생물기능연구팀) ;
  • 홍경식 (한국화학연구원 생물화학연구부 생물기능연구팀) ;
  • 조광연 (한국화학연구원 생물화학연구부 생물기능연구팀) ;
  • 김진철 (한국화학연구원 생물화학연구부 생물기능연구팀)
  • Published : 2004.06.30
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Abstract

This study was conducted to discover new phytotoxins which may be used as lead molecules for the development of new herbicides. A total of 187 endophytic fungi were isolated from 11 plant species, which were collected from 8 locations in Korea. Their herbicidal activities were screened in vivo by herbicidal and duckweed bioassays after they were cultured in potato dextrose broth and rice solid media. Both fermentation broth and solid culture extract of Gliocladium catenulatum F0006 isolated from red pine (Pinus densiflora) showed 70% herbicidal activity only against cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) out of the 10 weeds tested. Solid culture extract of F0034 isolated from arrowroot (Pueraria thunbergiana) exhibited 20 to 100% herbicidal activities against all of the weeds. Especially, shattercane (Sorghum bicolor), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), and fall pauicum (Panicum dichtomiflorum) were sensitive to the solid culture extract of F0034. In addition, solid culture extract of F0043 isolated from red pine displayed 20% to 70% herbicidal activities only against 5 grass species, but not against 5 broad-leaf plant species. On the other hand, as the results of duckweed assay, 8 fermentation broths showed 100% growth inhibitory activity at concentrations less than 5.0% of culture supernatants and 12 solid cultures had a potent inhibitory activity against duckweed growth. A toxic metabolite was purified from the solid cultures of G. catenulatum F0006 by repeated column chromatography and bioassay. It caused a phytotoxic syndrome only on cocklebur out of the 10 weeds tested; it completely killed cocklebur seedlings at $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ and showed 85% herbicidal activity against cocklebur at $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. The molecular weight of the toxic metabolite is 238 daltons and its structure determination is underway.

새로운 제초제 개발을 위한 선도물질을 발견하고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 국내에 8개 지역으로부터 채취한 11개 자생식물로부터 총 187개의 식물내생곰팡이를 분리한 후 감자즙액배지와 쌀고체배지에 배양한 다음, 밭잡초와 좀개구리밥에 대한 제초활성을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 소나무에서 분리한 Gliocladium catenulatum F0006 균주의 액체배지와 고체배지 추출물이 실험에 사용한 10개의 밭잡초 중에서 도꼬마리에 대해서만 선택적으로 70%의 제초활성을 보였다. 칡에서 분리한 F0034 균주의 고체배지 추출물은 10가지 밭잡초 모두에 20%에서 100%까지의 제초활성을 보였는데, 특히 수수, 돌피, 왕바랭이 및 미국 개기장 등이 민감하게 반응하였다. 그리고 소나무에서 분리한 F0043 균주의 고체배지 추출물은 5가지 화본과 식물에 대해서만 20%에서 70%까지의 제초활성을 보였다. 한편, 좀개주리밥에 대한 실험 결과, 액체배지는 8개 균주가 배지농도 5% 이하의 농도에서, 고체배지 추출물에서는 12개 균주가 좀개리밥의 생장을 100% 억제하는 높은 활성을 보였다. G. catenulatum F0006 균주의 고체배양체로부터 반복적인 컬럼과정과 생물검정을 통하여 한 개의 제초활성 물질을 분리하였다. 이 물질은 도꼬마리에 대해서만 특이적으로 제초활성을 보였는데, $500\;{\mu}g/ml$에서는 완전히 치사시켰고, $100\;{\mu}g/ml$에서는 도꼬마리 생장을 85% 억제하였다. 분리한 물질의 분자량은 238 daltons 이었다.

Keywords

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