References
- Adams DO, Hamilton TA. (1984) The cell biology of macrophage activation. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 2, 283-318. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.iy.02.040184.001435
-
Alleva DC, Burger CJ, Elgert KD. (1994) Tumor induced regulation of suppressor macrophage nitric oxide and
$TNF-{\alpha}$ Production: role of Tumor derived IL-10,$TNF-{\beta}$ , and Prostaglandin E2. J. Immunol. 153, 1674-1685. - Barker RN, Erwig LP, Hill KS, Devine A, Pearce WP, Rees AJ. (2002) Antigen presentation by macrophages is enhanced by the uptake of necrotic, but not apoptotic, cells. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 127, 220-225. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01774.x
- Baumann C, Badamchian M, Goldstein AL. (1997) Preclinical studies of thymosinal and thymosin b4. In: Thymic peptides in preclinical and clinical medicine and update, edited by Maurer HR, Goldstein AL, Hager ED, W Zuckschwerdt Verlag Munchen, p. 13-27.
- Ben-Effraim s. (1999) One hundred years of cancer Immunotherapy: A critical appraisal. Tumor Biol. 20, 1-24.
- Bingle C, Brown NJ, Lewis CE. (2002) The role of tumor associated macrophages in tumor progression implications of new anticancer therapies. J. Pathol. 196, 254-265. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.1027
- Bodey B, Bodey B Jr, Sigel SE, Kaiser HE. (2000) Review of thymic hormones in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Int. Immunopharmacol. 22, 261-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00084-3
- Chu CS, Woo FY, Toll AJ, Rubin SC, June CH Caroll RG, Schlenger K. (2002) Tumor associated macrophages as a source of functional dendritic cells in ovarian cancer patients. Clin. Immunol. 102, 291-301. https://doi.org/10.1006/clim.2001.5179
- Eckert K, Garbin F, Grunberg E, Maurer HR. (1997) Prothymosinal: Preclinical studies with immune cells from cancer patients. In Thymic peptides in preclinical and clinical medicine and update W Zuckschwerdt Verlag Munchen, VII-VIII.
- Eckert K, Mayer G, Stange R, Kalden M, Krasagakis K Maurer HR. (1997) Effect of thymic peptides, in vitro, on the impaired immunocytotoxicity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from tumor patients. Int. J. Oncol. 10, 481-486.
- Evans R Haskill S. (1983) The reticuloendothelial system: A Comprehensive treaties. Int. Cancer. 5, 155-176.
- Foss FM. (2002) Immunologic mechanism of antitumor activity. Semin. Oncol. 3, 5-11.
- Garaci E, Pica F, Rasi G, Favalli C. (2000) Thymosinal in the treatment of cancer from basic research to clinical application. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 22, 1067-1076. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00075-8
- Garaci C, Torrisi MR, Jezzi T, Frati L, Goldstein AL, Garaci E. (1985) Receptors for Thymosinal on mouse thymocytes. Cell. Immunol. 91, 289. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8749(85)90051-6
- Garbin F, Eckert K, Buttner P, Garbe C, Maurer HR. (1995) The influence of thymic preparation thymex-L on deficient antitumor activity of monocytes from melanoma patients in vitro. Oncol. Rep. 2, 469-472.
- Gupta P, Sodhi A. (1988) Study on pinocytosis and antigen presentation by murine peritoneal macrophages to T -cell in vitro after cisplatin treatment. Archivum. Immunologiae. ET. Therapiae. Experimentalis. 36, 315.
- Kovacsovics-Bankowski M, Clark K, Benacerraf B, Rock K (1993) Efficient major histocompatablity complex class-1 presentation of exogenous antigen upon phagocytosis by macrophages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 90, 4942-4946. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.11.4942
- Kullavanuaya P, Treeprasertsuk S, Thongngam B, Chaermthai K, Gonlachanvit S, Suwanagool P. (2001) The combined treatment of Interferon alpha-2a and thymosinal for chronic hepatitis C: The 48 weeks of treatment result. J. Med. Assoc. Thai. 84, 5462-5468.
- Kumar A, Singh SM. (1995) Effect of Daltons lymphoma on as antigen presentation of murine peritoneal macrophages. Cancer Lett. 92, 151-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(95)03778-U
- Kumar A, Parajuali P, Singh SM. (1994) Modulatory effects of Daltons Lymphoma cells on the production of reactive nitrogen intermediates, IL-1 and TNF by murine peritoneal macrophages. Neoplasma. 44, 363.
- Loidi L, Vidal A, Zalvide ZB, Puente JL, Reyes F, Dominguez F. (1997) Development of ELISA to estimate thymosinal, the N terminus of prothymosina in human tumors. Clin. Chem. 43, 59-63.
- Mantovani A, Bottazzi B, Sozzani S, Peri G, Allavena P, Gangdong G, Vicchi A, Colotta F. (1993) Cytokine regulation of tumor associated macrophages. Res. Immunol. 144, 280-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/0923-2494(93)80108-B
- Mantovani A, Bottazzi B, Colotta F, Sozzani SR, Uco L. (1992) Origin and function of tumor associated macrophages. Immunol. Today. 13, 265-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5699(92)90008-U
- Millis CD. (1991) Molecular basis of "suppressor" macrophages. Arginine metabolism via the nitric oxide synthase pathway. J. Immunol. 149, 2709-2711.
- Mosmann T. (1983) Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assay. J. Immunol. Meth. 65, 55-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4
- Oda T, Maeda H. (1986) A new simple fluorometric assay for phagocytosis. J. Immunol. Meth. 88, 175-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(86)90004-9
- Ohmori H, Kamo M, Yamakoshi K, Nitta MH, Hikida M, Kanayama N. (2001) Restoration of immunocyte function by thymosinal in cyclophosphamide induced immunodeficient mice. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 23, 75-82. https://doi.org/10.1081/IPH-100102569
- Onozaki K, Matsushima K, Aggrawl BB, Oppenheim JJ. (1985) Human IL-1 is a cytocidal factor for several tumor cell lines. J. Immunol. 135, 3962.
- Parajuli P, Singh SM. (1996) Alteration in IL-1 and arginase activity of tumor-associated macrophage: a role in the promotion of tumor growth. Cancer Lett. 107, 249-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(96)04378-9
- Parajuli P, Singh SM, Kumar A, Sodhi A. (1997) Alterations in the tumoricidal functions of murine tumor associated macrophages during progressive growth of tumor in vivo. Cancer J. 10, 222-228.
- Rinaldi-Garaci C Garaci E, Del Gobbo V, Favalli C, Jezzi T, Goldestin AL, (1983) Modulation of endogenous prostaglandins by thymosinal in lymphocytes. Cell Immunol. 80, 57. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8749(83)90093-X
- Roy R, Singh SM, Shanker A. (2000) Mechanism of thymocyte apoptosis induced by serum of tumor-bearing host: the molecular events involved and their inhibition by thymosinal. Int. J. Immunophamzacol. 22, 309-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00087-9
- Shanker A. (1999) Apoptosis as a mechanism of immunosuppression in tumor-bearing mice. In Ph.D. thesis submitted to Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Chapter No. 5, p. 71-89.
-
Shanker A, Singh SM, Sodhi A. (2000) Ascitic growth of a spontaneous T cell lymphoma induces thymic involution 1. Alterations in the repertoire of
$CD4^+$ /$CD8^+$ thymocytes. Tumor Biol. 21, 288-298. https://doi.org/10.1159/000030134 - Shanker A, Singh SM, Sodhi A. (2000) Ascitic growth of a spontaneous transplantable T cell lymphoma induces thymic involution 2. Induction of apoptosis in thymocytes. Tumor Biol. 21, 315-327. https://doi.org/10.1159/000030137
- Shanker A, Singh SM, Sodhi A. (2000) Impairment of T cell function with the progressive ascitic growth of transplantable T cell lymphoma of spontaneous origin. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 27, 247-255. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2000.tb01437.x