DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

THE ACCELERATION AND TRANSPORT OF COSMIC RAYS WITH HELIOSPHERIC EXAMPLES

  • JOKIPII J. R. (University of Arizona)
  • Published : 2004.12.01

Abstract

Cosmic rays are ubiquitous in space, and are apparently present wherever the matter density is small enough that they are not removed by collisions with ambient particles. The essential similarity of their energy spectra in many different regions places significant general constraints on the mechanisms for their acceleration and confinement. Diffusive shock acceleration is at present the most successful acceleration mechanism proposed, and, together with transport in Kolmogorov turbulence, can account for the universal specta. In comparison to shock acceleration, statistical acceleration, invoked in many situations, has significant disadvantages. The basic physics of acceleration and transport are discussed, and examples shown where it apparently works very well. However, there are now well-established situations where diffusive shock acceleration cannot be the accelerator. This problem will be discussed and possible acceleration mechanism evaluated. Statistical acceleration in these places is possible. In addition, a new mechanism, called diffusive compression acceleration, will be discussed and shown to be an attractive candidate. It has similarities with both statistical acceleration and shock acceleration.

Keywords

References

  1. Armstrong, J. W., Rickett, B. J., & Spangler, S. R., 1978, Ap. J., 443, 208
  2. Fermi, E. 1949, Phys. Rev., 75, 1169 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.75.1169
  3. Forman, M. A., & Morfill, G. 1979, Proc. 16th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf (Kyoto), 5, 328
  4. Giacalone, J., & Jokipii, J. R., 1999, Ap. J.
  5. Giacalone, J., Jokipii, J. R., & K$\'o$ta, J., 2001, Ap. J.,
  6. Giacalone, J., Jokipii, J. R. & K$\'o$ta, J., Proceedings of Huntsville Workshop on Acceleration in Astrophysics, Huntsville, AI, 2004 (in press)
  7. Gloeckler, G., Schwadron, N. A., Fisk, L. A. & Geiss, J. 1995 Geophys. Res. Lett, 22, 2665 https://doi.org/10.1029/95GL02480
  8. Gloeckler, G., Fisk, L. A., Zurbuchen, T. A., &.Schwadron, N. A. 2000, AlP conference proceedings, 528, 221 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1324316
  9. Jokipii, J. R., 1987, Ap. J. 313, 842 https://doi.org/10.1086/165022
  10. Jokipii, J. R. 1991, Particle Acceleration in Cosmic Plasmas, G. P. Zank & T. K. Gaisser ed, AlP Conference Proceedings, 264
  11. Jokipii, J. R,. 2001 The 7th Taipei Workshop on Cosmic Rays in the Universe, ed by Chung-Ming Ko (ASP Conf Ser, 241
  12. Lagage, P. O. & Cesarsky, C. J. 1983, Astron. Astrophys, 118, 223
  13. Parker, E. N. 1965, Planet. Space Sci., 13, 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(65)90131-5
  14. Schwadron, N. A., Fisk, L. A. & Gloeckler, G. 1996 Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2871 https://doi.org/10.1029/96GL02833
  15. Syrovatsky, S. 1961, J. Exptl. Theoret. Phys., 40, 1788