항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지 (The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy)
- 제18권
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- Pages.135-183
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- 2003
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- 1598-8988(pISSN)
우리나라 공군의 우주력 건설을 위한 정책적.법적고찰
Research for Space Activities of Korea Air Force - Political and Legal Perspective
초록
1957년 이래 1999년 8월까지 약 313회의 우주발사 실패가 있었다. NASA의 '우주수송을 발전시킨다'라는 목표하에서, 제6의 목적은 우주선의 사고발생위험을 10년내에 1/40으로, 25년내에 1/140으로 낮춘다는 것이다. 이는 곧 우주개발이 아직도 얼마나 위험한 것인가를 보여주는 통계자료이다. 왜 이렇게 위험한 우주여행을 감수하면서, 우주개발에 뛰어드는 것인가? 우주개발은 경제적인 측면에서 인공위성을 이용한 통신 및 방송산업은 21세기 초에이룩될 우주산업의 가장 큰 분야가 될 전망이다. 특히, 우주의 특수한 환경인 무중력상태와 지구상보다 1,000 배나 높은 진공상태를 이용한 새로운 반도체의 개발 및 생산 그리고 신약의 개발 등이 활발하게 이루어질 것인데, 지난 1986년부터 지난달까지 운용되던 러시아의 "미르" 우주정거장에서는 수정을 생산하여 판매 하였다. 현재 우주산업은 미국, EU, 일본 등 소수 선진국들이 주도하고 있으며, 세계우주산업 시장규모는 년 평균 10% 이상 지속적인 신장이 이루어질 것으로 전망하고 있으며, 특히 민간용 이동통신산업 확대, 우주탐사활동 증대, 우주정거장사업 추진등으로 우주산업 규모는 비약적으로 신장할 것으로 예측되며, 최근 5년간 ED와 일본은 연평균 15
Aerospace force is a determining factor in a modem war. The combat field is expanding to space. Thus, the legitimacy of establishing aerospace force is no longer an debating issue, but "how should we establish aerospace force" has become an issue to the military. The standard limiting on the military use of space should be non-aggressive use as asserted by the U.S., rather than non-military use as asserted by the former Soviet Union. The former Soviet Union's argument is not even strongly supported by the current Russia government, and realistically is hard to be applied. Thus, the multi-purpose satellite used for military surveillance or a commercial satellite employed for military communication are allowed under the U.S. principle of peaceful use of space. In this regard, Air Force may be free to develop a military surveillance satellite and a communication satellite with civilian research institute. Although MTCR, entered into with the U.S., restricts the development of space-launching vehicle for the export purpose, the development of space-launching vehicle by the Korea Air Force or Korea Aerospace Research Institute is beyond the scope of application of MTCR, and Air Force may just operate a satellite in the orbit for the military purpose. The primary task for multi-purpose satellite is a remote sensing; SAR sensor with high resolution is mainly employed for military use. Therefore, a system that enables Air Force, the Korea Aerospace Research Institute, and Agency for Defense Development to conduct joint-research and development should be instituted. U.S. Air Force has dismantled its own space-launching vehicle step by step, and, instead, has increased using private space launching vehicle. In addition, Military communication has been operated separately from civil communication services or broadcasting services due to the special circumstances unique to the military setting. However, joint-operation of communication facility by the military and civil users is preferred because this reduces financial burden resulting from separate operation of military satellite. During the Gulf War, U.S. armed forces employed commercial satellites for its military communication. Korea's participation in space technology research is a little bit behind in time, considering its economic scale. In terms of budget, Korea is to spend 5 trillion won for 15 years for the space activities. However, Japan has 2 trillion won annul budget for the same activities. Because the development of space industry during initial fostering period does not apply to profit-making business, government supports are inevitable. All space development programs of other foreign countries are entirely supported by each government, and, only recently, private industry started participating in limited area such as a communication satellite and broadcasting satellite, Particularly, Korea's space industry is in an infant stage, which largely demands government supports. Government support should be in the form of investment or financial contribution, rather than in the form of loan or borrowing. Compared to other advanced countries in space industry, Korea needs more budget and professional research staff. Naturally, for the efficient and systemic space development and for the prevention of overlapping and distraction of power, it is necessary to enact space-related statutes, which would provide dear vision for the Korea space development. Furthermore, the fact that a variety of departments are running their own space development program requires a centralized and single space-industry development system. Prior to discussing how to coordinate or integrate space programs between Agency for Defense Development and the Korea Aerospace Research Institute, it is a prerequisite to establish, namely, "Space Operations Center"in the Air Force, which would determine policy and strategy in operating space forces. For the establishment of "Space Operations Center," policy determinations by the Ministry of National Defense and the Joint Chief of Staff are required. Especially, space surveillance system through using a military surveillance satellite and communication satellite, which would lay foundation for independent defense, shall be established with reference to Japan's space force plan. In order to resolve issues related to MTCR, Air Force would use space-launching vehicle of the Korea Aerospace Research Institute. Moreover, defense budge should be appropriated for using multi-purpose satellite and communication satellite. The Ministry of National Defense needs to appropriate 2.5 trillion won budget for space operations, which amounts to Japan's surveillance satellite operating budges.