낙동강 유역 농업지대에서 영농형태별 토양과 수질 평가

Assessment of Soil and Water Quality in some Catchments of Different Agricultural Practices in Nakdong River Basin

  • 김민경 (농업과학기술원 환경생태과) ;
  • 서명철 (농업과학기술원 농업의 다원적 기능 평가팀) ;
  • 이남종 (농업과학기술원 환경생태과) ;
  • 정종배 (대구대학교 생명환경학부) ;
  • 김복진 (영남대학교 생물자원학부)
  • Kim, Min-Kyeong (Dept. of Environment and Ecology, Division of Agricultural Environment, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology) ;
  • Seo, Myung-Chul (Agro-Multifunctional Assessment Research Team, National Institute ofAgricultural Science and Technology) ;
  • Lee, Nam-Jong (Dept. of Environment and Ecology, Division of Agricultural Environment, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology) ;
  • Chung, Jong-Bae (Department ofAgricultural Chemistry, Daegu University) ;
  • Kim, Bok-Jin (School of Biological Resources, Yeungnam University)
  • 투고 : 2003.01.16
  • 심사 : 2003.02.06
  • 발행 : 2003.02.28

초록

낙동강 유역 농업지대에서 영농활동에 따른 토양과 수질을 평가하기 위하여 전형적인 논과 밭농사를 중심으로 한 영주 고령 밀양지역, 과수원이 형성되어 있는 임고천 유역, 그리고 시설 재배지인 하빈천 유역을 대상으로 1995년 7월부터 1999년 7월까지 각 소하천 주변의 토양과 수질을 조사하였다. 영농형태에 따라 토양중 유효인산의 함량은 현저한 차이가 있었는데, 밭토양과 시설재배지 토양이 다른 토양에 비하여 월등히 높았고, 총질소 함량은 과수원 토얌이 약간 높았을 뿐 대부분의 토양이 비슷한 수준이었다. 소하천변로 수질을 평가해 보면, 다른 유역에 비하여 논농사 유역의 수질이 양호하였으나, 과수원이 형성되어 있는 임고천의 경우 질소의 함량이 높았으며, 시설재배지인 하빈천의 경우에는 상대적으로 염류의 함량이 높았다. 이는 유역내 축산폐수나 생활하수의 유입, 농경지의 과다한 화학비료와 퇴비의 시용으로 생각되며, 낙동강의 수질 본전을 위해 이들 소하천에 대한 농업비점오염원에 대한 적절한 토양 및 수질관리가 선행 할 것 이다.

Soil and water quality was monitored in the Nakdong River basin to assess the impact of different agricultural practices. From five catchments, soil samples were collected at three times during 1996 to 1998, and water samples were collected at twelve times on July during 1995 to 1999. The major agricultural practices were paddy and upland farming in three areas surveyed: Youngju, Goryung, and Milyang. Apple orchards were located along in the Imgo-Cheon catchment. Intensive vegetable farming in plastic fIlm house was practiced in the Habin-Cheon catchment. Total N contents, 0.04-0.32%, of paddy soils were low in comparison with those of upland, orchard, and plastic film house soils. Available phosphate($P_2O_5$) contents, $2-421mg\;kg^{-1}$, in plastic film house soils were higher than those in paddy soils. In plastic film house and upland soils, CEC of soils were high. The N concentrations in most of the streams were higher than $1.0mg^{-1}$, the standard of agricultural irrigation water. The P concentrations were above $1.0mg^{-1}$, the standard of agricultural irrigation water and were higher than the minimum level for eutrophication, $0.01-0.05mg\;L^{-1}$ in most of the streams. In conclusion, nutrients by agricultural activity could affect water quality of streams near the agricultural fields. Good water quality in streams can be maintained by proper management of agricultural fields and by decreasing application amount of fertilizers in agricultural fields.

키워드

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