초록
충남 금산군에 위치하고 있는 고려인삼포장에 대하여 구성 모암별로 각각 흑운모화강암지역 및 천매암지역으로 분류하여 모암에 함유되어 있는 전이원소의 특성과 해당 모암별 풍화토양 및 인삼 묘포토양의 물리적 및 화학적 특성을 분석하였다. 본 고려인삼재배지에서 흑운모화강암지역의 토양은 풍화토양 및 묘포토양 공히 사질식토(Sandy clay)로 구성되어 있었으며, 천매암토양은 중식토(Heavy clay) 내지 미사질식토(Silty clay)로 구성되어 있었다. 흑운모화강암 풍화토양의 용적비중은 $1.21{\sim}1.32g/cm^3$이었고, 천매암 풍화토양은 $1.26{\sim}1.38g/cm^3$이었고, 인삼 묘포토양은 흑운모화강암토양은 $1.02{\sim}1.10g/cm^3$이었으며, 천매암 묘포토양은 $0.98{\sim}1.17g/cm^3$로 전체적으로 풍화토양보다 낮았는데, 이는 경작을 위한 토층의 경운 때문으로 사료된다. 흑운모화강암 풍화토양의 pH는 4.80이었고, 천매암 풍화토양은 5.34로 산성암인 화강암에서 더 낮게 나타났다. 흑운모화강암 묘포토양 pH는 2년 생지역이 4.39, 4년생지역이 4.40이었고, 천매암묘 포토양은 2년생지역이 5.24, 4년생지역이 5.34로 나타났으며, 이는 풍화토양의 pH 변화가 묘포토양의 pH 변화와 일치하였다. 유기물함량은 흑운모화강암 풍화토양(0.24%)보다 천매암 풍화토양(1.02%)이 높았으며, 흑운모화강암 묘포토양은 2년생지역이 0.87%, 4년생지역이 1.52%이었고, 천매암토양은 2년생지역이 2.06%, 4년생지역이 2.96%으로 천매암토양의 유기물함량이 더 높게 나타났다. 전질소 함량은 흑운모화강암 풍화토양은 259.43ppm이었고, 천매암 풍화토양은 657.22ppm이었으며, 묘포 토양은 흑운모화강암지역은 2년생지역이 588.04ppm, 4년생지역이 657.22ppm이었고, 천매암 지역은 2년생지역이 1037.72ppm, 4년생지역이 1227.96ppm이었다. 또한 질산태질소 및 암모니아 태질소의 함량은 흑운모화강암 풍화토양에서 미량 및 5.98ppm이었고, 천매암 풍화토양은 6.73ppm 및 9.94ppm이었다. 묘포토양의 경우 흑운모화강암토양은 각각 2년생지역이 223.09ppm, 26.96ppm이었고, 4년생지역이 19.46ppm, 8.23ppm이었으며, 천매암토양의 2년생지역이 각각 14.22ppm, 16.84ppm이었고, 4년생지역이 306.93ppm, 34.21ppm이었다. 이는 비료의 종류에 따라 차이가 생기지만 암모니아 태질소의 산화로 인한 질산태 질소 성분이 더 많이 축적된 것으로 나타났다. 인산함량은 흑운모화강암 및 천매암 풍화토양에서 14.41ppm 및 38.60ppm이었으며, 묘포토양은 흑운모화강암지역은 2년생지역이 46.89ppm, 4년생지역이 102.44ppm이었고, 천매암지역은 2년생지역이 147.04ppm, 4년생지역이 342.97ppm이었다. 토양 중 양이온치환용량은 흑운모화강암 풍화토양이 12.34me/100g이었고, 천매암 풍화토양이 15.40me/100g이었다. 흑운모화강암 묘포토양은 2년생지역이 15.80me/100g, 4년생지역이 7.70me/100g이었고, 천매암지역은 2년생지역이 12.14me/100g, 4년생지역이 12.83me/100g이었다. 치환성양이온($K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$)은 모두 풍화토양내 함량보다 묘포토양의 함량이 더 높았다. $SO_4{^2-}$ 함량은 모암별 풍화토양의 함량(화강암: 5.98ppm, 천매암: 9.94ppm)이 묘포토양(흑운모화강암 2년: 26.96ppm, 4년: 8.23ppm, 천매암 2년: 16.84ppm, 4년: 64.21ppm)에 비해 모두 낮았다.$Cl^-$ 은 풍화토양내에는 두 모암지역 모두 미량으로 존재하였으며, 묘포토양(흑운모화강암 2년: 39.06ppm, 4년: 273.43ppm, 천매암 2년: 66.41ppm, 4년: 406.24ppm)은 비료성분의 투입으로 풍화토양보다 함량이 높아진 것으로 사료된다.
A research has been done for growing characteristics of Korean ginseng in Geumsan of Chungnam Province. It had been made to determine the transitional element concentrations of the rocks, divided by biotitic granite(GR) and phyllite(PH). The physical and chemical properties of their weathering soils and ginseng nursery soils were analyzed. The texture in the GR weathering and ginseng nursery soils were sandy clay, and the texture of the PH weathering and ginseng nursery soils were heavy or silty clay. The bulk densities of the GR and PH weathering soils were $1.21{\sim}1.32g/cm^3$ and $1.26{\sim}1.38g/cm^3$, respectively. Also, the bulk densities of the GR and PH ginseng nursery soils were $1.02{\sim}1.10g/cm^3$, respectively. The pH (4.80) of the GR weathering soil were lower than the pH of the PH(5.34) weathering soil. The pH in the 2 year and 4 year-ginseng nursery soil of the GR were 4.39 and 4.40. In addition, those of the PH were 5.24 and 5.34, respectively. The difference in pH of the two nursery soils could be from the pH difference between the two parent materials. The organic matter contents of the GR weathering soils(0.24%) were higher than those of the PH(1.02%) weathering soils. The organic matter of the 2 and 4 year-ginseng GR nursery soils were 0.87% and 1.52%, and of the PH nursery soils were 2.06% and 2.96%, respectively. The total nitrogen contents of the GR weathering soils were 259.43ppm and of the PH weathering soils were 657.22ppm. Those of 2 and 4 year-ginseng GR nursery soils were 588.04ppm and 657.22ppm and those of the PH nursery soils were 1037.72ppm and 1227.96ppm, respectively. The nitrate and ammonium contents of the GR weathering soils were the extremely small, and those of the PH weathering soils were 6.7ppm and 9.94ppm. Those of 2 year-ginseng GR nursery soils(223.09ppm and 26.96ppm) were higher than those of PH(19.46ppm and 8.23ppm) nursery soils. And those of 2 year-ginseng PH nursery soils(14.22ppm and 16.84ppm) were lower than those of PH(306.93ppm, 34.21ppm) nursery soils. The difference was due to fertilizer types and more deposits of nitrate after oxidation of ammonium. The phosphate contents of the GR and PH weathering soils were 14.41ppm and 38.60ppm. Those of GR 2 and 4 year-ginseng nursery soils were 46.89ppm and 102.44ppm and those of the PH nursery soils were 147.04ppm and 38.60ppm. The cation exchange capacities of the GR weathering soils were 12.34me/100g and those of the PH weathering soils were 15.40me/100g. Those of 2 and 4 year-ginseng GR nursery soils were 15.80me/100g and 7.70me/100g and those of PH nursery soils were 12.14me/100g and 12.83me/100g. All of exchangeable cation($K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$) contents in the nursery soils were higher than those in the weathering soils. The $SO_4{^2-}$ contents of the weathering soils in both of the GR(5.98ppm) and PH(9.94ppm) were higher than those of the GR and PH ginseng nursery soils. The $Cl^-$) contents of the GR and PH weathering soils were a very small and those of the nursery soils(2-yr GR: 39.06ppm, 4-yr GR: 273.43ppm, 2-yr PH: 66.41ppm, 4-yr PH: 406.24ppm) were high because of fertilizer inputs.
(Dept. of Forest Resources, Chungnam Nat'l University)
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