Water Quality and Chlorophyll-a at the Birth Stage of a Large Reclaimed Estuarine Lake in Korea (Lake Hwaong)

간척하구호 (화옹호) 태동기의 수질과 엽록소-a 변화

  • Kim, Ho-Sub (Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Chung, Mi-Hee (Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Choi, Chung-Il (Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, Hanyang University) ;
  • Hwang, Soon-Jin (Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Konkuk University)
  • 김호섭 (건국대학교 지역건설환경공학과) ;
  • 정미희 (건국대학교 지역건설환경공학과) ;
  • 최청일 (한양대학교 지구해양과학과) ;
  • 황순진 (건국대학교 지역건설환경공학과)
  • Published : 2003.12.31

Abstract

This study evaluated the change of water quality and chlorophyll - a at the birth stage of a large reclaimed estuarine lake (Lake Hwaong) of which the dike was finally constructed in March, 2002. Physico -chemical parameters and chlorophyll - a were investigated along a longitudinal transect, including 3 in-lake sites and 1 out-lake site from June to November, 2002. Salinity at all in-lake sites was over 21 psu during the study period, indicating that lake is still in the seawater phase. Salinity was periodically diluted at times when precipitation was high, especially in August. Chemocline was established in July near the dam site, and correspondingly vertical profile of dissolved oxygen was very clear during that Period. Total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations at all lake sites were in the eutrophic range, and they were especially high at the stream inlet site. Nutrients concentration was not much varied vertically but significantly varied temporally, and correlated significantly with precipitation and chlorophyll-a concentration, indicating that inflowing water from the watershed seemed not to improve lake water by dilution but cause eutrophication of the lake, and thereby stimulate phytoplankton development. Based on the analyses of nutrient ratio (N/P) and trophic state deviation, both phosphorus and nitrogen appeared to limit phytoplankton growth in the lake. Phosphorus limitation appeared to be probable at all in-lake sites with being most severe at the stream inlet site. Nitrogen limitation seemed to occur at both in-lake and out-lake sites. These results indicate that in Lake Hwaong experiencing the very early stage of a reclaiming lake, water quality and phytoplankton development appear to be affect-ed largely by salinity and hydrology and nutrients from the inflowing water. Lake biogeochemistry is still very unstable, and thus further long-term study is necessary to understand the effects of seawater to freshwater conversion on lake biology and water chemistry.

본 연구는 최근에 조성된 간척 하구담수호인 화옹호의 태동초기의 수질변화를 평가할 목적으로 수행되었다. 물리 ${\cdot}$ 화학적 요인들과 엽록소 a 농도의 시공간적 변화를 2002년 6 ${\sim}$ ll월간 화옹호 호내의 3지점과 호외의 1지점을 대상으로 모니터링하였다. 조사기간 동안 호수 내 모든 지점에서 염분도는 21psu로 여전히 해수성향이 강하게 나타났다. 염분도는 강우량이 높았던 시기, 특히 8월에 희석에 따른 농도감소가 주기적으로 관찰되었다. 화학성충은 방조제 앞 부근에서 7월에 형성되면서 수심에 따른 용존산소의 감소가 나타났다. 호수 내 모든 지점에서 총질소와 총인 농도는 부영양상태를 유지하였고, 하천 유입구 지점에서 가장 높은 농도를 보였다. 호수 내 영양염 농도의 수직적 변화는 거의 없었으나, 지점에 따라 큰 차이가 나타났으며 강우량과 엽록소 a 농도와 밀접한 관련이 있었다. 이러한 결과는, 호수의 수질이 유입수의 희석에 의해 개선되기 보다는 호수의 영양상태를 증가시키고 그로 인해 식물플랑크톤의 성장이 촉진 된다는 것을 의미한다. N/P비와 영양상태 편차분석에 따르면, 인과 질소 모두 호수에서 식물플랑크톤의 성장을 제한하는 것으로 나타났다. 화옹호에서의 식물플랑크톤 성장은 호수 내 전 지점에서 인에 의해 제한되는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 하천 유입구 부분에서 가장 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 질소 제한은 조사된 호수내외 모든 지점에서 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 담수화 초기의 화옹호에서 수질과 식물플랑크톤 성장이 염분도와수리 ${\cdot}$ 수문적 요인 그리고 유입수로부터 유입되는 영양염에 의해 크게 영향을 받음을 의미한다. 화옹호의 생지화학적인 요인들은 여전히 매우 불안정하기 때문에 담수화 전환과정의 생물학적인측면과 수질에 대한 해수의 영향을 이해하기 위해서는 장기간에 걸친 연구가 필요하다.

Keywords

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