Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education (한국과학교육학회지)

The Korean Association for Science Education (한국과학교육학회)
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A Grounded Theory on the Process of Generating Hypothesis-Knowledge about Scientific Episodes

과학적 가설 지식의 생성 과정에 대한 바탕이론

  • Published : 2003.10.30
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Abstract

Hypothesis is defined as a proposition intended as a possible explanation for an observed phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to generate a grounded theory on the process of undergraduate students' generating hypothesis-knowledge about scientific episodes. Three hypothesis-generating tasks were administered to four college students majored in science education. The present study showed that college students represented five types of intermediate knowledge in the process of hypothesis generation, such as question situation, hypothetical explicans, experienced situation, causal explicans, and final hypothetical knowledge. Furthermore, students used six types of thinking methods, such as searching knowledges, comparing a question situation and an experienced situation, borrowing explicans, combining explicans, selecting an explican, and confirming explicans. In addition, hypothesis-generating process involves inductive and deductive reasoning as well as abductive reasoning. This study also discusses the implications of these findings for teaching and evaluating in science education.

이 연구는 과학적 가설 지식의 생성 과정을 귀납적으로 기술하구 분석하여 하나의 바탕이론을 제시하고자 하였다. 이것을 위해 과학적 현상의 원인을 설명하는 과제를 피험자들에게 제시하고, 피험자들이 과제를 해결하는 과정에서 표상한 지식과 사고 유형을 발성 사고법과 심층면접을 통해 프로토콜로 생성하게 한 후, 이것에서 규칙성을 찾아 귀납적으로 기술하는 연구 방법을 이용하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 가설 지식 생성 과정에서 의문상황, 가설적 설명자, 경험상황, 원인적 설명자, 최종가설지식 등 5가지의 중간적 지식들이 생성됨을 보여주었다. 또, 지식 탐색, 의문상황과 경험상황 비교, 설명자 차용, 설명자 조합, 설명자 선택, 설명자 확인 등 6가지 유형의 사고가 가설 지식 생성에 관여한다는 것도 보여주었다. 또한 과학적 가설 지식은 '의문상황${\righallow}$경험상황${\righallow}$원인적 설명자${\righallow}$가설적 설명자${\righallow}$가설' 순으로 중간적 지식들의 표상되는 과정을 통해 생성되며, 이러한 과정은 귀추적 추론 뿐만 아니라 귀납과 연역 추론도 함께 관여하는 복잡한 사고 과정임을 보여주었다.

Keywords

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