References
- Adedapo, A. O., and Ikpeme, J. O.: The results of internal fixation of three- and four-part proximal humeral fractures with the Polarus nail. Injury, 32(2):115-21, 2001.
- Baron, J. A.; Karagas, M.; Barrett, J.; Kniffin, W.; Malenka, D.; Mayor, M.; and Keller, R. B.: Basic epidemiology of fractures of the upper and lower limb among Americans over 65 years of age. Epidemiology, 7(6):612-8, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199611000-00008
- Bigliani, L.: Proximal Humeral Fracture. In The Shoulder -Operative technique-, pp. 43-71. Edited by Pollock, R., 43-71, Baltimore, Maryland, Williams & Wilkins, 1998.
- Boileau, P., and Walch, G.: The three-dimensional geometry of the proximal humerus. Implications for surgical technique and prosthetic design. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 79(5):857-65, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.79B5.7579
- Brooks, C. H., and Carvell, J. E.: External fixation for fracture-dislocations of the proximal humerus. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 71(5):864-5, 1989.
- Chapman, J. R.; Henley, M. B.; Agel, J.; and Benca, P. J.: Randomized prospective study of humeral shaft fracture fixation: intramedullary nails versus plates. J Orthop Trauma, 14(3):162-6, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005131-200003000-00002
- Christensen, N. O.: Kuntscher intramedullary reaming and nail fixation for nonunion of the humerus. Clin Orthop, (116):222-5, 1976.
- Cofield, R. H.: Comminuted fractures of the proximal humerus. Clin Orthop, (230): 49-57, 1988.
- Cox, M. A.; Dolan, M.; Synnott, K.; and McElwain, J. P.: Closed interlocking nailing of humeral shaft fractures with the Russell-Taylor nail. J Orthop Trauma, 14(5):349-53, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005131-200006000-00008
- Crates, J., and Whittle, A. P.: Antegrade interlocking nailing of acute humeral shaft fractures. Clin Orthop, (350):40-50, 1998.
- Cuomo, F.; Flatow, E.; Maday, M.; Miller, S.; Stephen, J.; and Bigliani, L.: Open reduction and internal fixation of two- and three-part displaced surgical neck fractures of the proximal humerus. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 1(6):287-295, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1058-2746(09)80055-4
- Esser, R. D.: Treatment of three- and four-part fractures of the proximal humerus with a modified cloverleaf plate. J Orthop Trauma, 8(1):15-22, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005131-199402000-00005
- Fleischmann, W., and Kinzl, L.: Philosophy of osteosynthesis in shoulder fractures. Orthopedics, 16(1):59-63, 1993.
- Habernek, H.: A locking nail for fractures of the humerus. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 80(3):557, 1998.
- Habernek, H., and Orthner, E.: A locking nail for fractures of the humerus. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 73(4):651-3, 1991.
- Hall, R. F., Jr.: Closed intramedullary fixation of humeral shaft fractures. Instr Course Lect, 36:349-58, 1987.
- Hawkins, R. J., and Angelo, R. L.: Displaced proximal humeral fractures. Selecting treatment, avoiding pitfalls. Orthop Clin North Am, 18(3):421-31, 1987.
- Hawkins, R. J., and Kiefer, G. N.: Internal fixation techniques for proximal humeral fractures. Clin Orthop, (223):77-85, 1987.
- Hems, T. E., and Bhullar, T. P.: Interlocking nailing of humeral shaft fractures: the Oxford experience 1991 to 1994. Injury, 27(7):485-9, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1383(96)00056-3
- Henley, M. B.; Monroe, M.; and Tencer, A. F.: Biomechanical comparison of methods of fixation of a midshaft osteotomy of the humerus. J Orthop Trauma, 5(1):14-20, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005131-199103000-00003
- Hintermann, B.; Trouillier, H. H.; and Schafer, D.: Rigid internal fixation of fractures of the proximal humerus in older patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 82(8):1107-12, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.82B8.10330
- Ikpeme, J. O.: Intramedullary interlocking nailing for humeral fractures: experiences with the Russell-Taylor humeral nail. Injury, 25(7):447-55, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1383(94)90271-2
- Ingman, A. M., and Waters, D. A.: Locked intramedullary nailing of humeral shaft fractures. Implant design, surgical technique, and clinical results. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 76(1):23-9, 1994.
- Jaberg, H.; Warner, J. J.; and Jakob, R. P.: Percutaneous stabilization of unstable fractures of the humerus. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 74(4):508-15, 1992.
- Jensen, C. H.; Hansen, D.; and Jorgensen, U.: Humeral shaft fractures treated by interlocking nailing: a preliminary report on 16 patients. Injury, 23(4):234-6, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-1383(05)80005-1
- Ko, J. Y., and Yamamoto, R.: Surgical treatment of complex fracture of the proximal humerus. Clin Orthop, (327):225-37, 1996.
- Kocialkowski, A., and Wallace, W. A.: Closed percutaneous K-wire stabilization for displaced fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus. Injury, 21(4):209-12, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1383(90)90003-D
- Koval, K.; Sanders, R.; Zuckerman, J.; Helfet, D.; Kummer, F.; and DiPasquale, T.: Modified-tension band wiring of displaced surgical neck fractures of the humerus. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2(2):85-92, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/1058-2746(93)90005-2
- Koval, K. J.; Blair, B.; Takei, R.; Kummer, F. J.; and Zuckerman, J. D.: Surgical neck fractures of the proximal humerus: a laboratory evaluation of ten fixation techniques. J Trauma, 40(5):778-83, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199605000-00017
- Kristiansen, B., and Christensen, S. W.: Plate fixation of proximal humeral fractures. Acta Orthop Scand, 57(4):320-3, 1986. https://doi.org/10.3109/17453678608994401
- Kristiansen, B., and Christensen, S. W.: Proximal humeral fractures. Late results in relation to classification and treatment. Acta Orthop Scand, 58(2):124-7, 1987. https://doi.org/10.3109/17453678709146455
- Kristiansen, B., and Kofoed, H.: Transcutaneous reduction and external fixation of displaced fractures of the proximal humerus. A controlled clinical trial. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 70(5):821-4, 1988.
- Lin, J., and Hou, S. M.: Antegrade locked nailing for humeral shaft fractures. Clin Orthop, (365):201-10, 1999.
- Lin, J.; Hou, S. M.; and Hang, Y. S.: Locked nailing for displaced surgical neck fractures of the humerus. J Trauma, 45(6):1051-7, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199812000-00013
- Lin, J.; Hou, S. M.; Hang, Y. S.; and Chao, E. Y.: Treatment of humeral shaft fractures by retrograde locked nailing. Clin Orthop, (342):147-55, 1997.
- Lin,J.; Hou,S.M.; Inoue,N.; Chao,E. Y.; and Hang, Y. S.: Anatomic considerations of locked humeral nailing. Clin Orthop, (368):247-54, 1999.
- Mills, H. J., and Horne, G.: Fractures of the proximal humerus in adults. J Trauma, 25(8):801-5, 1985. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-198508000-00013
- Moda, S. K.; Chadha, N. S.; Sangwan, S. S.; Khurana, D. K.; Dahiya, A. S.; and Siwach, R. C.: Open reduction and fixation of proximal humeral fractures and fracture-dislocations. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 72(6):1050-2, 1990.
- Neer, C. S., 2nd: Displaced proximal humeral fractures. I. Classification and evaluation. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 52(6):1077-89, 1970.
- Neer, C. S., 2nd: Displaced proximal humeral fractures. II. Treatment of three-part and four-part displacement. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 52(6):1090-103, 1970.
- Paavolainen, P.; Bjorkenheim, J. M.; Slatis, P.; and Paukku, P.: Operative treatment of severe proximal humeral fractures. Acta Orthop Scand, 54(3):374-9, 1983. https://doi.org/10.3109/17453678308996587
- Philips, B.: Arthroscopy of upper extremity. In Campbell's operative orthopaedics, pp. 2613-2665. Edited by Canale, S., 2613-2665, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Mosby, 2003.
- Rajasekhar, C.; Ray, P. S.; and Bhamra, M. S.: Fixation of proximal humeral fractures with the Polarus nail. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 10(1):7-10, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1067/mse.2001.109556
- Rees, J.; Hicks, J.; and Ribbans, W.: Assessment and management of three-and four-part proximal humeral fractures. Clin Orthop, (353):18-29, 1998.
- Richards, R. et al.: A standardized method for the assessment of shoulder function. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 3(6):347-352, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1058-2746(09)80019-0
- Riemer, B. L.; Butterfield, S. L.; D'Ambrosia, R.; and Kellam, J.: Seidel intramedullary nailing of humeral diaphyseal fractures: a preliminary report. Orthopedics, 14(3):239-46, 1991.
- Robinson, C. M.; Bell, K. M.; Court-Brown, C. M.; and McQueen, M. M.: Locked nailing of humeral shaft fractures. Experience in Edinburgh over a two-year period. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 74(4):558-62, 1992.
- Robinson, C. M., and Christie, J.: The two-part proximal humeral fracture: a review of operative treatment using two techniques. Injury, 24(2):123-5, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1383(93)90204-J
- Ruch, D. S.; Glisson, R. R.; Marr, A. W.; Russell, G. B.; and Nunley, J. A.: Fixation of three-part proximal humeral fractures: a biomechanical evaluation. J Orthop Trauma, 14(1):36-40, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005131-200001000-00008
- Rush, L.: The humerus. In Atlas of Rush Pin Technics. A System of Fracture Treatment, pp. 112-133. Edited by LV, R., 112-133, Meridian, Mississippi, Berivon, 1976.
- Szyszkowitz, R.; Seggl, W.; Schleifer, P.; and Cundy, P. J.: Proximal humeral fractures. Management techniques and expected results. Clin Orthop, (292):13-25, 1993.
- Wachtl, S. W.; Marti, C. B.; Hoogewoud, H. M.; Jakob, R. P.; and Gautier, E.: Treatment of proximal humerus fracture using multiple intramedullary flexible nails. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 120(3-4):171-5, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004020050037
- Weinstein, D.; Gomez, M.; and Hawkins, R.: Biomechanical comparison of tension band wiring versus plating in the fixation of three part fractures of the proximal humerus. Orthop Trans, 18:3, 1994.
- Wesely, M.; Barenfield, P.; and Eisenstein, A.: Rush pin intramedullary fixation for fractures of proximal humeus. J Trauma, 17(1):29-33, 1977. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-197701000-00004
- Young, T. B., and Wallace, W. A.: Conservative treatment of fractures and fracture-dislocations of the upper end of the humerus. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 67(3):373-7, 1985.
- Zyto, K.; Ahrengart, L.; Sperber, A.; and Tornkvist, H.: Treatment of displaced proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 79(3):412-7, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.79B3.7419
Cited by
- Open Intramedullary Nail with Tension Band Sutures & Lock Sutures on Proximal Humeral Three-part Fracture vol.20, pp.1, 2007, https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2007.20.1.45