Ocean and Polar Research

Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (한국해양과학기술원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Physical Environments and Cochlodinium polykrikoides Bloom in the Sea near Naro-Do

  • Lee, Dong-Kyu (Department of Marine Sciences and Marine Research Institute, Busan National University) ;
  • Kang, Yoon-Hyang (Department of Marine Sciences and Marine Research Institute, Busan National University)
  • Published : 2003.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The initiation of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooming in the South Sea of Korea occurs in the sea near Naro-Do in late August. In this paper, the relationships of this annual occurrence with the environmental conditions are presented. In early summer, the winds in the sea near Naro-Do are southwesterly and the upwelling occurs in the near-shore area. The favorable winds to the upwelling are relaxed in August and the downwelling favorable northeasterly winds set in around late August. The change of wind direction causes the onshore transport of warm-and-fresh off-shore water into the sea near Naro-Do and a front between near-shore water and off·shore water is formed. Along the front, downwelling occurs and the environmental conditions for the diatom become unfavorable. When the typhoon and storm bring well-mixed East China Sea water into the sea near Naro-Do in September, the conditions for the dinoflagellates become unfavorable and blooming of C. polykrikoides disappears.

Keywords

References

  1. Choi, H.Y. 2001. Oceanographic condition of the coastal area between Narodo Island and Sorido Island in the southern sea of Korea and its relation to the disappearance of red-tide observed in summer 1998. The Sea J. Korean Soc. Oceanogra., 6, 49-62. (in Korean)
  2. Franks, P.J.S. and D.M. Anderson. 1992a. Alongshore transport of a toxic phytoplankton bloom in buoyancy current: Alexandrium tamarense in the Gulf of Maine. Mar. Biol., 112, 153-164. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00349739
  3. Franks, P.J.S. and D.M. Anderson. 1992b. Toxic phytoplankton blooms in the southestern Gulf of Maine: testing hypothese of physical control using historical data. Mar. Biol., 112, 165-174. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00349740
  4. Hahn, S.B., Y.H. An, C.M. Kang, Y.S. Suh, H.G. Jin, S.H. Ha, and J.H. Kim. 1997. Daily variation of SST at Sorido area. Nat’l Fish. Res. Dev. Inst. Korea, Busan, Korea, 1997.
  5. Jeong, H.J., J.K. Park, K.S. Kim, S.T. Kim, J.E. Yoon, S.K. Kim, and Y.M. Park. 2000a. The outbreak of red tides in the coastal waters off Kohung, Chonnam, Korea: 3. the temporal and spatial variations in the heterotrophic dinoflagellates and ciliates in 1997. The Sea J. Korean Soc. Oceanogra., 5, 37-46. (in Korean)
  6. Jeong, H.J., J.K. Park, H.Y. Choi, J.S. Yang, J.H. Shim, Y.K. Shin, W.H. Yih, H.S. Kim, and K.J. Choi. 2000b. The outbreak of red tides in the coastal waters off Kohung, Chonnam, Korea: 2. The temporal and spatial variations in the phytoplanktonic community in 1997. The Sea J. Korean Soc. Oceanogra., 5, 27-36. (in Korean)
  7. Kang, Y.S., H.G. Kim, W.A. Lim, C.K. Lee, S.G. Lee, and S.Y. Kim. 2002. An unusual coastal environment and Cochlodinium polykrikoides bloom in 1995 in the South Sea of Korea. J. Korean Soc. Oceanogra., 37, 212-223.
  8. Kim, A.S., S.G. Lee, and H.G. Kim. 2000. Biochemical responses of fish exposed to a harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 254(2), 131-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(00)00263-X
  9. Kim, C.S., S.G. Lee, C.K. Lee, H.G. Kim, and J. Jung. 1999. Reactive oxygen species as causative agents in the ichthyotoxicity of the red tide dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides. J. Plankton Res., 21(11), 2105-2115. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/21.11.2105
  10. Kim, D., T. Oda, T. Muramatsu, D. Kim, Y. Matsuyama, and T. Honjo. 2002. Possible factors responsible for the toxicity of Cochlodinium polykrikoides, a red tide phytoplankton. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 132(4), 415-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1532-0456(02)00093-5
  11. Kim, H.G., S.G. Lee, K.H. An, S.H. Youn, P.Y. Lee, C.K. Lee, E.S. Cho, J.B. Kim, H.G. Choi, and P.J. Kim. 1997. Recent red tides in Korean coastal waters. National fisheries research and development institute, republic of Korea, 280 p.
  12. Kim, H.G., W.J. Choi, Y.G. Jung, C.S. Jung, J.S. Park, K.H. An, and C.I. Baek. 1999. Initiation of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms and its environmental characteristics around the Narodo Island in the western part of South Sea of Korea. Bull Nat'l Fish. Res. Dev. Inst. Korea, 57, 119-129. (in Korea)
  13. Lee, D.K. 1999. The development of red-tide expansion numerical model. p. 133-164. In: Management and mitigation techniques to minimize the impacts of harmful algal blooms, ed. by H.G. Kim. Ministry of maritime affairs and fisheries.
  14. Lee, D.K. and P. Niiler. 2003. Ocean responses to Typhoon Rusa in the Southern Sea of Korea and in the East China Sea. J. Korean Soc. Oceanogr., 38, 60-67.
  15. Lee, S.G., H.G. Kim, H.M. Bae, Y.S. Kang, C.S. Jeong, C.K. Lee, S.Y. Kim, C.S. Kim, W.A. Lim, and U.S. Cho. 2002. Handbook of Marine harmful algal blooms in Korean waters. Nat'l Fish. Res. Dev. Inst. Korea, Busan, Korea, 2002.
  16. Lee, Y.S., Y.T. Park, Y.S. Kim, K.Y. Kim, J.S. Park, W.J. Go, Y.J. Jo, and S.Y. Park. 2001. Countermeasure and outbreak mechanism of Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tide. 1. Environmenatal characteristics on outbreak and disappearance of Cochlodinium polykrikoides bloom. J. Korean Soc. Oceanogr., 6, 259-264.
  17. Lim, W.A., C.S. Jung, C.K. Lee, Y.C. Cho, S.G. Lee, H.G. Kim, and I.K. Chung. 2002. The outbreak, maintenance and decline of the red tide dominated by Cochlodinium polykrikoides in the coastal waters off southern Korea from August to October, 2000. The Sea J. Korean Soc. Oceanogra., 7, 68-77. (in Korean)
  18. Onoue, Y. and K. Nozawa. 1989. Separation of toxins from harmful red tides occurring along the coast of Kagoshima prefecture. p. 371-374. In: Red tides: Biology, Environmental Science, and Toxicology, eds. by T. Okaichi, D.M. Anderson, and T. Nemoto. Elsevier, New York.
  19. Pang, I.C. and K.H. Hyun. 1998. Seasonal variation of water mass distributions in the eastern Yellow Sea and the Yellow Sea Warm Current. J. Korean Soc. Oceanogr., 33, 41-52.
  20. Sharples, J. 1997. Cross-shelf intrusion of subtropical water into the coastal zone of northeast New Zealand. Contin. Shelf Res., 17(7), 835-857. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(96)00060-X
  21. Steidinger, K.A., G.A. Vargo., P.A. Tester, and C.R. Thomas. 1998. Bloom Dynamics and physiology of Gymnodinium breve with emphasis on the Gulf of Mexico. p. 133-153. In: Physiological Ecology of Harmful algal Bloom, NATO ASI series Vol. G 41. eds. by D.A. Anderson, A.D. Cembella, and G.M. Hallegraeff. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelburg.
  22. Tester, P.A. and K.A. Steidinger. 1997. Gymnodinium breve red tide blooms: Initiation, transport, and consequences of surface circulation. Limnol. Oceanogr., 42(5, part 2), 1039-1051. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1997.42.5_part_2.1039
  23. Whyte, J.N.C., N. Haigh, N.G. Ginther, and L.J. Keddy. 2001. First record of blooms of Cochlodinium sp. (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) causing mortality to aquacultured salmon on the west coast of Canada. Phycologia, 40, 298-304. https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-40-3-298.1
  24. Yang, J.S., H.Y. Choi, H.I. Jeong, J.Y. Jeong, and J.K. Park. 2000. The outbreak of red tides in the coastal waters off Kohung, Chonnam, Korea: 1. Physical and chemical characteristics in 1997. The Sea J. Korean Soc. Oceanogra., 5, 16-26. (in Korean)
  25. Yuki, K. and S. Yoshimatsu. 1989. Two fish-killing species of Cochlodinium from Harima Nada, Seto Inland Sea, Japan. p. 451-454. In: Red tides: Biology, Environmental Science, and Toxicology, eds. by T. Okaichi, D.M. Anderson, and T. Nemoto. Elsevier, New York.
  26. Zingone, A. and H.O. Enevoldsen. 2000. The diversity of harmful algal blooms: a challenge for science and management. Ocean and Coastal Management, 43(8-9), 725-748. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-5691(00)00056-9

Cited by

  1. Real-time monitoring of nutrient concentrations and red-tide outbreaks in the southern sea of Korea vol.33, pp.13, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025431
  2. Morphology and bloom dynamics of Cochlodinium geminatum (Schütt) Schütt in the Pearl River Estuary, South China Sea vol.13, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2011.09.009
  3. Monitoring and trends in harmful algal blooms and red tides in Korean coastal waters, with emphasis on Cochlodinium polykrikoides vol.30, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2013.10.002
  4. Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms and eco-physical conditions in the South Sea of Korea vol.7, pp.3, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2007.12.014
  5. Dinoflagellate cysts in recent estuarine sediments from aquaculture sites of southern South Korea vol.76, pp.1-2, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2010.04.003
  6. The Influence of Oceanic Conditions on the Occurrence of Cochlodinium polykrikoides Blooms in the East Sea vol.19, pp.12, 2010, https://doi.org/10.5322/JES.2010.19.12.1385